Effect of visual surrounding motion on body sway in a three-dimensional environment

Guerraz, Michel; Gianna, Claire C.; Burchill, Peter; Gresty, Michael A.; Bronstein, Adolfo M.

doi:10.3758/bf03200502

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The data obtained in experiment 1, using a virtual visual anchor differ significantly from what we expected to see on the basis of previous data that used real foreground objects [18], [27]. We hypothesize that these differences are result of the virtual presentation of the foreground object in our experiments compared to the physical foreground object used in the original study.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…The data shows that a static visual reference point can significantly reduce postural sway. The results were replicated by Guerraz and colleagues [26], [27] who showed that the behavioural data is consistent with the two different postural control mechanisms that act with different time constants and draw on different representations: a short latency system that is driven by transient visual stimuli, including parallax cues, and a longer latency, vection enhanced, postural control system that draws on consciously perceived self motion.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modulation of Visually Evoked Postural Responses by Contextual Visual, Haptic and Auditory Information: A ‘Virtual Reality Check’

et al. 2013

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Externally generated visual motion signals can cause the illusion of self-motion in space (vection) and corresponding visually evoked postural responses (VEPR). These VEPRs are not simple responses to optokinetic stimulation, but are modulated by the configuration of the environment. The aim of this paper is to explore what factors modulate VEPRs in a high quality virtual reality (VR) environment where real and virtual foreground objects served as static visual, auditory and haptic reference points. Data from four experiments on visually evoked postural responses show that: 1) visually evoked postural sway in the lateral direction is modulated by the presence of static anchor points that can be haptic, visual and auditory reference signals; 2) real objects and their matching virtual reality representations as visual anchors have different effects on postural sway; 3) visual motion in the anterior-posterior plane induces robust postural responses that are not modulated by the presence of reference signals or the reality of objects that can serve as visual anchors in the scene. We conclude that automatic postural responses for laterally moving visual stimuli are strongly influenced by the configuration and interpretation of the environment and draw on multisensory representations. Different postural responses were observed for real and virtual visual reference objects. On the basis that automatic visually evoked postural responses in high fidelity virtual environments should mimic those seen in real situations we propose to use the observed effect as a robust objective test for presence and fidelity in VR.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Modulation of Visually Evoked Postural Responses by Contextual Visual, Haptic and Auditory Information: A ‘Virtual Reality Check’

et al. 2013

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“…It can be argued that the structured patterns of retinal flow provided by stair treads are exploited by walkers to visually specify changes in body position relative to the staircase. Fixations on upcoming treads can be instrumental in extracting this information because stabilization of the retinal image on space fixed targets may aid the perception of visual field motion [14,15]. As such, the fixation of gaze on treads (either on edges or locations elsewhere on the tread) may contribute to the sensory control of stair walking, even if these treads are never stepped on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of tread fixations in the visual control of stair walking

Otter¹,

Hoogwerf²,

Woude³

2011

Gait & Posture

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“…It was first observed by Bronstein and Buckwell (1997) that body sway is influenced by motion in the scene simulating the parallax an observer would experience in a stable three-dimensional environment. These visuomotor responses continue to be present during monocular viewing, but do not occur when the point of fixation moves with the observer (Guerraz et al, 2001). Furthermore, postural stability improves during viewing of two visual references at different distances from the observer relative to presentation of only one reference or two references at the same distance (Guerraz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion parallax from microscopic head movements during visual fixation

Aytekin

Rucci

2012

Vision Research

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Under normal viewing conditions, adjustments in body posture and involuntary head movements continually shift the eyes in space. Like all translations, these movements may yield depth information in the form of motion parallax, the differential motion on the retina of objects at different distances from the observer. However, studies on depth perception rarely consider the possible contribution of this cue, as the resulting changes in viewpoint appear too small to be of perceptual significance. Here, we quantified the parallax present during fixation in normally standing observers. We measured the trajectories followed by the eyes in space by means of a high-resolution head-tracking system and used an optical model of the eye to reconstruct the stimulus on the observer’s retina. We show that, within several meters from the observer, relatively small changes in depth yield changes in the velocity of the retinal stimulus that are well above perceivable thresholds. Furthermore, relative velocities are little influenced by fixation distance, target eccentricity, and the precise oculomotor strategy followed by the observer to maintain fixation. These results demonstrate that the parallax available during normal head-free fixation is a reliable source of depth information, which the visual system may use in a variety of tasks.

show abstract

Effect of visual surrounding motion on body sway in a three-dimensional environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Modulation of Visually Evoked Postural Responses by Contextual Visual, Haptic and Auditory Information: A ‘Virtual Reality Check’

Modulation of Visually Evoked Postural Responses by Contextual Visual, Haptic and Auditory Information: A ‘Virtual Reality Check’

The role of tread fixations in the visual control of stair walking

Motion parallax from microscopic head movements during visual fixation

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