Effect of Viscous Indigestible Polysaccharides on Pancreatic-Biliary Secretion and Digestive Organs in Rats

Abstract

Effects of viscous indigestible polysaccharides on the pancreas exocrine function were investigated in growing rats. Rats were fed a nonfiber diet or a diet containing approximately 5% of one of the following fibers: apple pectin, lambda-carrageenan, locust bean gum, gum xanthan, guar gum or sodium (Na) alginate. Pancreatic-bile secretion was found to be elevated in rats fed for 2 wk the highly viscous polysaccharides, sodium alginate, locust bean gum, gum xanthan and guar gum. The polysaccharides may have interfered with the digestion and absorption of nutrients, resulting in a decreased digestibility and an enlargement of digestive organs. When alginic acid and calcium alginate, insoluble polysaccharides that did not contribute to viscosity, were given to rats, they had no effect on pancreatic and biliary secretion compared with sodium alginate. The results demonstrate that consumption of viscous indigestible polysaccharides leads to changes in the exocrine pancreatic-biliary function and may depress the process of digestion and absorption. Rats may compensate for the inefficiency of digestion and absorption with a hyperplasia/hypertrophy of digestive organs and an increased secretion of digestive juice.

Effect of pectin extracted from citrus pulp on digesta characteristics and nutrient digestibility in broilers chickens

“…Ide et al (1989) and Ikegami et al (1990) affirmed that the nonstarch polysaccharides can influence the lipid metabolism because viscosity can increase the secretion of bile, and consequently result in loss of those acids in feces. Results from this study do not agree with Edney et al (1989), who observed worse results for fecal digestibility of fat in rats and an increase in IV in broilers.…”

Meta-analysis of the amino acid digestibility of oilseed meal in growing pigs

“…In addition, NDF and its lignin fraction in particular have a high water retention capacity and thereby increase the viscosity of the digesta, which slows mass transfer and enzymatic reactions, and hence digestion and absorption of nutrients (Buraczewska et al, 2007). Furthermore, gastric, pancreatic and biliary secretions appear to increase with NDF content of the feed (Ikegami et al, 1990), which would increase endogenous losses of protein due to sloughing of intestinal epithelium (Shah et al, 1982) in addition to digestive proteases. SID is estimated from the AID and adjusted for basal endogenous AA contributions, therefore including specific endogenous losses.…”

Comparison of Cholesterol Lowering Diets: Apple, Casein Cytochrom P450 protein and Cholesterol 7α Hydroxylase Activities in Hamsters

“…Apple pulp processing and juice manufacturing is now a booming industry and recently apple products are identified with cholesterol lowering property [12,14,15,16]. The dietary fiber content in apple further adds up the double benefit of cholesterol lowering with renal dysfunction and enhanced fecal steroid excretion [12,14,15,16]. Lithogenic diets are advocated as inducing cholesterol saturation due to their action on cholesterol sterol to make cholesterol free as one of the major lithogenic effect.…”

“…The cholesterol lowering diets rich in omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids have been investigated and reported to show major benefit in lipid lowering including cholesterol lowering [25]. The diets rich in fibers have been a major attention since last decade due to their double benefit to reduce lipids with cholesterol desaturation in the body and maintaining intestinal satiety free from any microvillus membrane damage [11,12,13,14,17].…”

“…We showed the dietary fiber binds and removes the extra bile acids from the system and thereby causes cholesterol to be converted into replacement bile acids. However, postcholesystectomy develops symptoms despite of function gall bladder [10] In previous experiments, dietary supplemented bile acids and salts in combination showed cholesterol desaturation and reduced gallstone formation in animals and human both [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The major factor of cholesterol desaturation was the physical phase transformation of cholesterol into bile cholesterol esters and metabolic desaturation of cholesterol because of cholesterol conversion into different lipoproteins [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”