Effect of Venturi-Type Nozzles and Application Volume on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy<sup>1</sup>

Etheridge, Robert E.; Hart, William E.; Hayes, Robert M.; Mueller, Thomas C.

doi:10.1614/0890-037x(2001)015[0075:eovtna]2.0.co;2

Cited by 46 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Control varies with herbicides, rates applied, and growth stage of weeds at the time of spraying. Nozzle types (Etheridge et al 2001;Mueller and Womac 1997), water quality (Buhler and Burnside 1983;de Villiers and du Toit 1993;Stahlman and Phillips 1979), and surfactants significantly affect herbicide efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Singh¹,

Yadav²,

Balyan³

et al. 2004

Weed technol.

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate control of 90- to 100-cm-tall ragweed parthenium in a noncropped situation in Haryana State, India, during 2000 and 2001. Atrazine, 2,4-D ethyl ester, atrazine plus 2,4-D, metribuzin, metsulfuron, chlorimuron, glufosinate with and without surfactant, glyphosate with and without surfactant, and glyphosate formulations MON 8793 and 8794 were sprayed on ragweed parthenium. Also, the effect of water quality was studied with flat-fan and flood-fan nozzles using glyphosate and its formulation MON 8793 against ragweed parthenium and associated weeds. Glyphosate MON 8793 and 8794 at 3.6 kg ae/ha provided excellent control of ragweed parthenium followed by glyphosate at 2.7 or 5.4 kg/ha, with no recovery until 18 wk after treatment (WAT). Addition of 0.1% v/v surfactant (MON 0818) to glyphosate at 2.7 kg/ha provided similar control to that of glyphosate alone at 5.4 kg/ha. Other herbicides failed to provide satisfactory control of ragweed parthenium. In the water quality study, glyphosate at 2.7 and 5.4 kg/ha and glyphosate MON 8793 at 2.7 and 3.6 kg/ha provided similar control of ragweed parthenium at 18 WAT. Glyphosate was antagonized less by tap water (0.45 mM Ca) than canal (0.7 mM Ca) and hand-pump water (1 mM Ca). Neither glyphosate nor glyphosate MON 8793 provided good control of purple nutsedge, velvetleaf, garden spurge, threelobe false mallow, jimsonweed, giant milkweed, Indian jujube, or tropical spiderwort, but crowfootgrass, green foxtail, sprawling signalgrass, and spiny amaranth were controlled. Glyphosate at 5.4 kg/ha and glyphosate MON 8793 at 3.6 kg/ha provided more than 80% control of bermudagrass at 8 WAT, which was significantly better than the 2.7 kg/ha rate. Flat-fan nozzles provided better efficacy of applied herbicides than flood-fan nozzles at 4 WAT on ragweed parthenium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Singh¹,

Yadav²,

Balyan³

et al. 2004

Weed technol.

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“…Thus, it is not surprising that the effect of droplet size on herbicide efficacy appears to be dependent on species. In addition, the importance of adequate coverage, typically achieved with smaller droplets, has a more-consistent effect on the efficacy of contact herbicides, such as glufosinate (Etheridge et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Nozzle Selection and Spray Volume on Droplet Size and Efficacy of Engenia Tank-Mix Combinations

et al. 2016

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Sprayer applicator-controlled variables, such as nozzle selection and spray volume, will become increasingly important for making labeled POST applications of dicamba in next-generation cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR. Tank mixtures of Engenia (a new form of dicamba), glyphosate, glufosinate, andS-metolachlor were applied with TeeJet AIXR, AITTJ60, and TTI nozzles. Two nozzle sizes, 11003 and 11006, were used to vary spray volume from 94 L ha−1to 187 L ha−1, respectively. For barnyardgrass, a significant decrease in control was observed when spray volume was reduced for glyphosate + dicamba in 2013. In 2014, an overall decrease in control was observed for the TTI nozzle when spray volume was reduced to 94 L ha−1, averaged across all herbicide treatments. The addition of the productS-metolachlor to glyphosate + glufosinate + dicamba significantly reduced the droplet spectra for all nozzle types. For example, addingS-metolachlor into the tank-mix decreased the volume median diameter (Dv50) for the TTI nozzle at 187 L ha−1spray volume from 789 μm to 570 μm. The results from this research demonstrate that using low spray volume and coarser nozzles could reduce efficacy of the herbicides on the weed species evaluated. Nozzle selection and spray volume have key roles in maximizing efficacy of POST applications in dicamba-resistant crops. Additionally, evaluating droplet spectra of potential dicamba-containing tank-mixtures is critical for producing the desired droplet size to minimize off-target movement.

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“…In 56 % of studies examined by Knoche (1994), a decrease in the application volume rate led to an improvement or no effect on the efficacy of herbicides. This is consistent with other studies (McMullan 1995;Etheridge et al 2001;Ramsdale and Messersmith 2001), conducted after 1994. Changing the spray droplet size will impact the deposition, but the effect on coverage was not as correlated (Hanna et al 2009…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Sikkema et al (2008) observed a reduction in Group A herbicide efficacies using DRT nozzles, but it should be pointed out that, that study only had one grass species (barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) and only one type of DRT nozzle -this result was not observed in this study across nozzle or grass species. Results with paraquat, glyphosate, and imazamox plus imazapyr were consistent with Etheridge et al (2001), Wolf et al (2000), Messersmith (2001a, 2001b) and Sikkema et al (2008). DWRs with metribuzin were consistent with the results of Jensen et al (2001), though the photosystem II inhibitor used in that study was not metribuzin, but phenmedipham, which has a different site of action.…”

Section: Dry Weight Reductionssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The extrapolation of the results from this study and the effect on herbicide efficacy are difficult, but results from previous studies (Knoche 1994;McMullan 1995;Etheridge et al 2001;Ramsdale and Messersmith 2001) suggest that reduced coverage from reduced application volume rate did not affect efficacy with some pesticides. It is clear that coverage is reduced when spray volume rate is decreased (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Towards the optimisation of Coarse sprays to reduce drift and improve efficacy in Australian cropping systems

Ferguson¹

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The optimisation of Coarse sprays for control of insects, weeds, and diseases in agriculture involves understanding how those technologies are classified and selected for use. Coarse sprays are the focus of this thesis, because Coarse is a spray size classification that balances adequate coverage, while reducing pesticide spray drift. Spray drift is detrimental, and by selecting coarser droplet sprays, spray drift can be minimised. The initial research study in this thesis sought to identify the repeatability of each nozzle type by randomly selecting five units to test consistency of droplet size measurements across nozzle type.The optimisation of Coarse sprays involves understanding differences that separate uniform technologies, especially when uniform nozzles of the same droplet size classification category are selected. When using plants and efficacy studies alone to quantify spray coverage, specific coverage values are difficult to determine. This consideration prompted studies with artificial collectors to quantify droplet coverage and provide the droplet distribution across the collector to help aid in technology selection. Results from these studies showed that nozzles which produced the same spray quality based on the droplet size distribution did not result in similar coverage across collector types. Nozzles that resulted in the highest coverage were further studied in the subsequent chapters.The optimisation of Coarse sprays involves understanding how sprays move within plant canopies. Consistent spray coverage that is evenly distributed throughout the canopy is necessary to control pest populations that negatively affect yield. As applicators are switching to coarser sprays to reduce risk and liability of pesticide spray drift, concerns about efficacy loss are increasing. Results showed that droplet number densities were inversely related to the droplet size produced by the nozzles, yet coverage was influenced more by application volume rate than droplet size.The optimisation of Coarse sprays involves ensuring that measurement methods and techniques are precise for the selection of the best technologies. A freely available smartphone application (app), SnapCard was developed to provide for in-field analysis of spray collectors. Results from this study showed consistent agreement between Image J and the new app, SnapCard, both of which were used consistently in this study. 3 The optimisation of Coarse sprays requires using novel techniques for characterising sprays, notably artificial collectors. The use of artificial collectors for spray characterisation is well accepted, but there is no literature to bridge the knowledge gap to understand how each major artificial collector type differs. Using all collector types (water sensitive paper, Kromekote ® and Mylar ® ) in tandem was useful to properly characterise the sprays, in addition to helping to quantify the differences between each collector type for coverage and droplet number density analyses.An optimal Coarse spray should not drift in ...

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Effect of Venturi-Type Nozzles and Application Volume on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy¹

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Effect of Nozzle Selection and Spray Volume on Droplet Size and Efficacy of Engenia Tank-Mix Combinations

Towards the optimisation of Coarse sprays to reduce drift and improve efficacy in Australian cropping systems

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Effect of Venturi-Type Nozzles and Application Volume on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy1

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds

Effect of Nozzle Selection and Spray Volume on Droplet Size and Efficacy of Engenia Tank-Mix Combinations

Towards the optimisation of Coarse sprays to reduce drift and improve efficacy in Australian cropping systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of Venturi-Type Nozzles and Application Volume on Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy¹