Effect of various sonication modes on permeation flux in cross flow ultrafiltration membrane

The use of ultrasound to mitigate membrane fouling in desalination and water treatment

“…It is evident that low ultrasound frequency was more effective in enhancing the permeate flux. Similar effect of ultrasound frequency on flux enhancement has been observed in other studies [30,84,89,90,92,93,98,107,110].…”

“…11. These results were obtained using dextran foulant solution and Some studies have attributed flux enhancement to acoustic streaming and increased turbulence [92,94,96,103]. For example, using dextran foulant solution, Kobayashi and Fujii [89] showed that the flux enhancement in the studied UF process was due to acoustic streaming induced by lowfrequency ultrasound that resulted in enhanced mass transfer of the permeate through the foulant layer.…”

“…In the context of ultrasound-assisted flux enhancement, the use of intermittent mode of ultrasound irradiation has been investigated by several authors [90,92,95,99,102,103,107]. Typically, flux improvement decreases with long pulse intervals of ultrasound [95].…”

Cleaning Methods for Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes Affected by Organic Fouling

“…Ultrasound frequency. Lower ultrasound frequencies make cleaning more efficient than higher frequencies [32][33][34][35].…”

“…Ultrasound power intensity. Sonochemical effects (amount of bubbles, hydrodynamic turbulence) boost with the increase of ultrasound power intensity [32,35]. Temperature.…”