Effect of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease on growth performance of Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae)1

Abstract

The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematological parameters, and behavior in a ruminant animal and 2) to investigate a possible strategy for reducing its adverse effect. A total of 12 Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae; 19.8 ± 2.9 kg) were used in a crossover design with 3 experimental periods and 3 treatments, randomized and balanced for counteracting possible carry-over effects. The treatments were 1) control, 2) co-injection with a commercially available dipyrone (CADI), and 3) supplementation with γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) at 10 g/kg in concentrate mix. Each period lasted 4 wk, and the vaccination against FMD was performed at 2 wk after the start of each period. The goats were individually housed in a metabolic cage and fed ad libitum with a diet consisting of bermuda grass and commercial concentrate mix (6:4, wt/wt). Dry matter intake, ADG, nutrients digestibility, hematological parameters, and behavioral activities of the goats were measured before and after vaccination. Although DMI was not decreased (P > 0.05), ADG was decreased by the vaccination to the goats (P < 0.01). The total number of leukocytes was increased while that of erythrocytes was decreased by the FMD vaccination (P < 0.01). The vaccination shortened standing time while extended lying time and the time spent in drinking (P < 0.05). The treatment by CADI reduced the adverse effect of vaccination on ADG and goat behavior compared with control and GABA treatment (P < 0.05). We concluded that the FMD vaccination decreased ADG of the goats without depression of diet intake, and CADI may attenuate the adverse effect of the FMD vaccination.

The co-injection of antioxidants with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination altered growth performance and blood parameters of finishing Holstein steers

“…Furthermore, steers in VITESEL tended to have greater FCR than those in CON. In ruminants, it is known that vaccinations against such viruses including FMD cause detrimental effects, such as a decrease in growth rate and milk production [5,20,21]. Brahman×Angus growing heifers (approximately 12 months old) in a vaccination group exhibited lower ADG compared to animals in a non-vaccination group without any reduction of DMI [20].…”

“…Brahman×Angus growing heifers (approximately 12 months old) in a vaccination group exhibited lower ADG compared to animals in a non-vaccination group without any reduction of DMI [20]. Although the experimental animals and the design differed from that of Arthington et al [20], the previous study was also conducted in our lab and reported a significant depression of ADG after the FMD vaccination in comparison to those before the vaccination was observed in growing castrated goats, except for those in the NSAID group [5]. The goats having a co-injection of NSAIDs with the FMD vaccination exhibited an increased growth rate.…”

“…Diet samples were dried at 60°C for 96 h and ground through a cyclone mill (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) fitted with a 1 mm screen. Then, they were stored at −20°C until chemical analysis [5]. Contents of dry matter (#930.15), crude protein (#990.03), ether extract (2003.05), acid detergent fiber (#973.18), and ash (#942.05) were determined as described by AOAC [12].…”

“…Thus, a way to ameliorate the negative effect caused by the FMD vaccination is needed; however, to our knowledge, such studies have focused on developing more suitable vaccines for specific local conditions [4], rather than finding appropriate materials that may reduce harmful effects after the FMD vaccination in ruminants. Previously, colleagues, Jo et al [5] tested non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and γ-aminobutyric acid with respect to the vaccination of FMD in castrated goats, and indicated that the use of NSAIDs can attenuate the negative effects caused by the FMD vaccination mainly because of the function of NSAIDs, which can inhibit cellular inflammation. Because the inflammatory response is the adaptive mechanism of the inherent immune system to infected or damaged sites [6], the vaccine challenge can also induce inflammation [7] and this response has to be terminated as quickly as possible; otherwise, the chronic inflammation is associated with dysregulated and harmful conditions, thereby inducing complicated disorders [7].…”

Standardized Plant Extract Alleviates the Negative Effects of FMD Vaccination on Animal Performance

“…PE supplementation not only shows immune modulating properties, but also has a positive influence on animal performance. In a study, Jo et al [23] demonstrated that FMD vaccination decreased the ADG of goats without affecting diet intake. In the current study, a slight reduction in ADG was observed in an FMD vaccinated pig compared with nonvaccinated animals.…”