Effect of using sodium bicarbonate to adjust the pH to different levels on water quality, the growth and the immune response of shrimpLitopenaeus vannameireared in zero-water exchange biofloc-based culture tanks

Abstract

Effect of using sodium bicarbonate to adjust the pH to different levels on water quality, the growth and the immune response of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in zero-water exchange biofloc-based culture tanks AbstractThe bioflocs technology proved to be a sustainable technique used in zero-water exchange shrimp culture systems. However, the pH and alkalinity may decrease due to the biofloc formation process and Nitrification. A 48-day experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different pH (7.1-7.6; 7.6-8.1) conditions on water quality, the growth and the health status of shrimp in biofloc technology (BFT) through using sodium bicarbonate to adjust pH respectively. Two pH treatments and one control were compared: T0control, T1 -pH 7.6 -NaHCO 3 , T2 -pH 8.1 -NaHCO 3 , each treatment consisted of three replicate tanks (90 L water volume) and each replicate stocked with 30 shrimp (equivalent to 333 shrimp m À3 ). Significant physical, chemical and biological differences (P < 0.05) were detected among treatments. At the end of the experiment, water quality, the growth and the immune response of shrimp in control were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the other treatments. Moreover, the T2 treatment had a better performance in these three aspects. The results indicated that it was necessary to adjust the pH and alkalinity in the BFT, and a higher pH as well as alkalinity for shrimp growth and the stability of the BFT were more favourable.

Effect of feeding frequency on growth and digestive enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei during the grow‐out phase in biofloc system

“…Temperature is one of the water quality variables that most exert an influence on growth and feed consumption among shrimps, but the mean recorded throughout the study (24.8°C) was not a limiting factor for L. vannamei juveniles (Ponce‐Palafox, Martinez‐Palacios, & Ross, ). Dissolved oxygen and pH in the tanks also remained within the recommended levels for L. vannamei (Furtado et al, ; Van Wyk & Scarpa, ; Zhang, Pan, Chen, & Wang, ). Likewise, the other water quality variables (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity, salinity, biofloc volume and total suspended solids) were at concentrations considered ideal for the culture of L. vannamei (Furtado et al, ; Furtado et al ; Gaona, Almeida, Viau, Poersch, & Wasielesky, ; Lin & Chen ; Lin & Chen ; Maicá , Borba, & Wasielesky, ).…”

Use of biofloc technology in shrimp aquaculture: a comprehensive review, with emphasis on the last decade

“…In this case, supplemental alkalinity should be added to reduce the water acidity and, in turn, increase the pH, alkalinity and total suspended solids (TSS) in culture waters (Wasielesky et al 2006;Avnimelech 2015). An alkalinity of about 100-150 mg CaCO 3 L À1 or Na 2 CO 3 has been suggested for maintaining optimum water pH and alkalinity, and also performance of biofloc system (Furtado et al 2015;Zhang et al 2017). The concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen should also be kept at < 1.5 mg L À1 in shrimp BFT system (Furtado et al 2011), while nitrite-nitrogen concentration must remain < 2 mg L À1 .…”

Resíduo De Macaxeira E De Banana Como Fontes De Carbono Na Criação De Tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum) Em Sistema Bioflocos No Estado Do Amazonas, Brasil / Cassava and Banana Residue as Carbon Sources in the Biofloc System Cultivation of Tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum) in Amazonas State, Brazil

“…O processo de nitrificação é afetado quando há redução da temperatura da água, sendo melhor estimulado em temperaturas entre 28 e 30°C (Jiménez-Ojeda et al, 2018). Além disso, vale lembrar que o pH entorno de 8,1 favorece a atividade das bactérias oxidadoras de amônia (BOA) e de nitrito (BON), diminuindo a presença dessas formas nitrogenadas e tóxicas para animais aquáticos em sistemas de cultivo intensivo (Zhang et al, 2015).…”