Effect of feeding frequency on growth and digestive enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei during the grow‐out phase in biofloc system

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of feeding frequency during the grow‐out phase of Litopenaeus vannameiin biofloc system. The experiment comprised of four treatments with three replicates each, corresponding to the following feeding frequencies: one (8:00 a.m.), two (8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.), three (8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m.) and four times a day (8:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m.). Zootechnical performance and digestive enzyme activity were monitored for 63 days. At the end of the experiment, the highest survival rates were found for the individuals fed three and four times a day. Wet weight gain (6.63 g) and specific growth rate (3.46% per day) of the individuals fed three times a day were significantly higher compared to animals fed one and four times a day, but did not differ significantly to the group fed twice a day (6.15 g and 3.46% per day, respectively). The digestive enzyme activities were not affected by the feeding frequency, but negative correlations were found between these activities and shrimp weight. It is recommended that L. vannamei should be fed three times a day during the grow‐out phase in a biofloc system under the conditions used in this study.

Growth Performance, Feed Utilisation, Endogenous Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Morphology, and Antimicrobial Effect of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed with Feed Supplemented with Pineapple Waste Crude Extract as a Functional Feed Additive

“…Moreover, the residues of energy and nutrients were utilised in moulting and growth. Furthermore, these current results were in line with the trial of Nery et al [74], who found that the gastrointestinal enzyme activity of white shrimp was inversely correlated with the weight of white shrimp fed only three times a day but raised in the biofloc system which had the best growth. In contrast, the enzyme activity was lower than in other groups.…”

Zootechnical performance, biochemical composition and gene expression of digestive enzymes in Litopenaeus vannamei post‐larvae fed the nematode Panagrolaimus sp. ( NFS 24–5)

“…previously enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (S.presso, INVE, Belgium) and 25% Artemia nauplii. An improved feeding intake, digestion and utilization were previously observed in the same shrimp species fed at a higher frequency (Aalimahmoudi et al, 2016; Cavalcanti Nery et al, 2018; Robertson et al, 1993; Xu et al, 2020).…”

Optimasi Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan terhadap Performa Pertumbuhan Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada Fase Grow-out

“…Apart from DO, a contrasting temperature parameter discrepancy is found in one of the primary literature. The experiment by Nery et al [29] took the second-lowest position with a growth rate of 0.57 g/week. When compared with other experiments, this discrepancy could be caused by several factors such as the location of the culture pond which was located indoors, and the culture water temperature which averaged 24.8 ± 0.7 °C throughout the experiment, while the water temperature of other experiments ranged from 27.69 °C [25] up to 30.2 ± 1 °C [30].…”

“…In addition, the optimal temperature (the temperature that produces the best growth) of L. vannamei is size-specific, where the optimal temperature for small size (<5 g) is around 30 °C, and for larger shrimp it is between 27 °C, whereas 23 °C was rated as sub-optimal for all shrimp sizes [31]. If Nery et al [29] optimized the temperature parameter in the experiment, an increase in shrimp growth performance can be predicted.…”

“…Some findings by Moss et al [36] stated that the organisms in the floc were not only an alternative source of nutrition but also had a positive impact on enzyme activity and the microbiome of the digestive tract of shrimp. In addition, the stomach is the first digestive organ to pass by food after the mouth, so the production and secretion of enzymes by biofloc microorganisms may contribute to the increased activity of protease and amylase enzymes in the stomach [29,37]. Thus, it can be concluded that the biofloc culture system can optimize the overall growth performance of shrimp.…”