Growth Performance, Feed Utilisation, Endogenous Digestive Enzymes, Intestinal Morphology, and Antimicrobial Effect of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed with Feed Supplemented with Pineapple Waste Crude Extract as a Functional Feed Additive

Abstract

This study used pineapple waste crude extract (PWCE) to increase the potential of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production for food sustainability and stability. The objective was to investigate the appropriate technique to increase the yield production and quality of shrimp and decrease waste from shrimp culture. Pacific white shrimp (average body size: 0.51 g) were fed with commercial feed supplemented with PWCE at various concentrations of 0 (control), 90, 170, and 250 ppt. Shrimp were fed five times per day for 80 days. At the end of the trial, the results showed that shrimp fed with the PWCE 250 ppt supplementation provided the highest growth rate and the best feed utilisation and yield ( P < 0.05 ). The protein content of whole shrimp in all shrimp fed with the PWCE supplementation diet was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). On the contrary, the variation of endogenous digestive enzymes, including protease, trypsin, and the T/C ratio, was significantly lower in shrimp fed a diet supplemented with PWCE 250 ppt ( P < 0.05 ). While in this group, the number of microorganisms on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (TCBS), blood agar, and trypticase soy agar (TSA) was lowest ( P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the dietary PWCE at 250 ppt increased the volume of microvilli in the hindgut of shrimp, but the supplementation at 170 ppt improved the number of F-cells in the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas. Nevertheless, the supplementation of PWCE in the diet did not affect the water quality ( P > 0.05 ). Therefore, pineapple waste crude extract supplementation improves both quantitative and qualitative yields and tends to reduce waste.

Effects of Lyophilized Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Supplementation on Oxidative Damage and Intestinal Histology in Juvenile Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Reared in Biofloc Systems

“…The function of the posterior intestine is associated with the compaction of feces and the formation of the fecal cord rather than the absorption of nutrients [59,60]. Increasing the length and area of intestinal microvilli, in addition to expanding the nutrient absorption surface, can also improve osmoregulation and the immune system of shrimp [61][62][63]. The degree of intestinal absorption of flavonoids is related to their chemical structures.…”