Effect of Unbleached Rice Straw Cellulose Nanofibers on the Properties of Polysulfone Membranes

Hassan, Mohammad L.; Zeid, Ragab E Abou; Abou-Elseoud, Wafaa S.; Hassan, Enas A.; Berglund, Linn; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.3390/polym11060938

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(48 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, Liu et al [ 34 ] decreased the diameter of bagasse and Kraft cellulose fibers by ultrafine grinding until 23 and 25 nm, respectively. Reducing lignin particle size by ultrafine friction agreed with the values reported for cellulosic nanofibers by other researchers [ 25 , 27 , 28 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The process has been used for the production of ultrafine powders of, e.g., food, chemicals, and medicine [ 25 , 26 ]. The process has also been used for fibrillation of cellulose and formation of nanocellulose and nanolignocellulose [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, ultrafine friction grinding has never been used for size reduction of lignin and development of micro and nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrafine Friction Grinding of Lignin for Development of Starch Biocomposite Films

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The work demonstrates the utilization of fractionalized lignin from the black liquor of soda pulping for the development of starch-lignin biocomposites. The effect of ultrafine friction grinding on lignin particle size and properties of the biocomposites was investigated. Microscopic analysis and membrane filtration confirmed the reduction of lignin particle sizes down to micro and nanoparticles during the grinding process. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the compatibility between lignin particles and starch in the composites. The composite films were characterized for chemical structure, ultraviolet blocking, mechanical, and thermal properties. Additional grinding steps led to the reduction of large lignin particles and the produced particles were uniform. The formation of 7.7 to 11.3% lignin nanoparticles was confirmed in the two steps of membrane filtration. The highest tensile strain of the biocomposite films were 5.09 MPa, which displays a 40% improvement compared to starch films. Further, thermal stability of the composite films was better than that of starch films. The results from ultraviolet transmission showed that the composite films could act as an ultraviolet barrier in packaging applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Friction Grinding of Lignin for Development of Starch Biocomposite Films

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3]. Nowadays, there are many methods to test the crystallinity of fibers, such as XRD and FT-IR, which detect the absorption peak characteristics of cellulose samples in a certain band [4][5][6]. However, the study of crystallinity at present is only in the medium and high frequency band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Terahertz Spectroscopy Technology for Crystallinity and Crystal Structure Analysis of Cellulose

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crystallinity is an essential indicator for evaluating the quality of fiber materials. Terahertz spectroscopy technology has excellent penetrability, no harmful substances, and commendable detection capability of absorption characteristics. The terahertz spectroscopy technology has great application potential in the field of fiber material research, especially for the characterization of the crystallinity of cellulose. In this work, the absorption peak of wood cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, wood nano cellulose, and cotton nano cellulose were probed in the terahertz band to calculate the crystallinity, and the result compared with XRD and FT-IR analysis. The vibration model of cellulose molecular motion was obtained by density functional theory. The results showed that the average length of wood cellulose (WC) single fiber was 300 μm. The microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was bar-like, and the average length was 20 μm. The cotton cellulose nanofiber (C-CNF) was a single fibrous substance with a length of 50 μm, while the wood cellulose nanofiber (W-CNF) was with a length of 250 μm. The crystallinity of cellulose samples in THz was calculated as follows: 73% for WC, 78% for MCC, 85% for W-CNF, and 90% for C-CNF. The crystallinity values were obtained by the three methods which were different to some extent. The absorption peak of the terahertz spectra was most obvious when the samples thickness was 1 mm and mixed mass ratio of the polyethylene and cellulose was 1:1. The degree of crystallinity was proportional to the terahertz absorption coefficients of cellulose, the five-movement models of cellulose molecules corresponded to the five absorption peak positions of cellulose.

show abstract

“…Preparation and characterization of lime nanoparticles suspension. Lime nanoparticles were prepared using 0.3 mol/L calcium hydroxide and 0.6 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions as previously published 12 . In brief, sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to calcium chloride solution at a rate of ~ 1 mL/min at 90 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The published works so far regarding making films from cellulose nanocrystals for ultrafiltration applications have focused on their use as self-standing nanopaper sheets 5 , thin films over cellulose nanofibers 6 , thin films over filter paper and comparing them to cellulose nanofibers 7 , and thin-layer films over polyethersulfone and comparing them to cellulose nanofibers 8 . However, cellulose nanofibers were used for making thin-film membranes in more studies 3,[9][10][11] , in addition to their use as additives in other polymeric matrices to improve the properties of prepared membranes 3,12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water purification ultrafiltration membranes using nanofibers from unbleached and bleached rice straw

Hassan

Fadel

Abou-Zeid

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been an increasing interest in recent years in isolating cellulose nanofibers from unbleached cellulose pulps for economic, environmental, and functional reasons. In the current work, cellulose nanofibers isolated from high-lignin unbleached neutral sulfite pulp were compared to those isolated from bleached rice straw pulp in making thin-film ultrafiltration membranes by vacuum filtration on hardened filter paper. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of their microscopic structure, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, protein fouling, and ability to remove lime nanoparticles and purify papermaking wastewater effluent. Using cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached pulp facilitated the formation of a thin-film membrane (with a shorter filtration time for thin-film formation) and resulted in higher water flux than that obtained using nanofibers isolated from bleached fibers, without sacrificing its ability to remove the different pollutants. Membranes are used in a wide variety of industries for removing undesirable materials from different media. Among them, those that depend on separation based on the size of materials to be removed, e.g., micro-, ultra-and nano-filtration membranes, are manufactured using different polymers; generating pores within these membranes with targeted size is the key for their use 1. Using cellulose and its derivatives for making membranes for use in micro-and ultrafiltration is well known at the commercial level 2. Cellulosic membranes are usually prepared using casting technique, which depends on the dissolution of cellulosic materials in suitable solvents, followed by film formation by immersion in a non-solvent. This technique requires use of large amounts of solvents; their recovery is important for economic and environmental reasons. Since the emergence of nanocellulosic materials, e.g., cellulose nanofibers and cellulose nanocrystals, increasing research is ongoing regarding their use in the area of membranes. Two approaches have been investigated for use of nanocellulose in that area so far 3. The first approach is through their incorporation in other polymer matrices to improve the performance of prepared membranes. Dissolving the polymers in suitable solvents and also good dispersion of nanocellulosic materials in the polymer solution are necessary before film casting. The second approach studied, which is more favorable and interesting, is to make membranes from a layer of nanocellulose with adequate porosity over other polymeric supports without the need to dissolve the cellulose and to use the film casting technique to generate porosity. The second approach was first introduced by Ma et al. 4 ; it depends on the correlations between pore size distribution of a nonwoven layer structure and bulk porosity. According to this approach, the pore size of a film made from fibers can be adjusted by controlling the fiber diameter. It was also proved through a study of the pore size of films made from electrospun nanofibers that the mean pore size was found t...

show abstract

Effect of Unbleached Rice Straw Cellulose Nanofibers on the Properties of Polysulfone Membranes

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Ultrafine Friction Grinding of Lignin for Development of Starch Biocomposite Films

Ultrafine Friction Grinding of Lignin for Development of Starch Biocomposite Films

Novel Terahertz Spectroscopy Technology for Crystallinity and Crystal Structure Analysis of Cellulose

Water purification ultrafiltration membranes using nanofibers from unbleached and bleached rice straw

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About