Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Antarctic Marine Phytoplankton

El‐Sayed, Sayed Z.; Stephens, F. Carol; Bidigare, R. R.; Ondrusek, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_43

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This inhibitory effect was not decreased by leaching the bags in 1 N HCI for 12 hours. The results of our transmission tests agree with those in (2), which showed only 68% transmission ofUVB at 300 nm. It is apparent that polyethylene bags absorb UVB, which results in a toxicity that significantly lowers the rate of CO2 assimilation.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Polyethylene Bags and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation

Holm‐Hansen¹,

Helbling²

1993

Science

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Polyethylene Bags and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation

Holm‐Hansen¹,

Helbling²

1993

Science

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“…Until now studies looking at the effect of increased UV-B levels on phytoplankton photosynthesis from the Southern Ocean were performed using the following methods: phytoplankton were incubated either in situ or in outdoor enclosures under the full solar spectrum including UV and compared to solar spectra excluding different wavelengths of UVR (El-Sayed et al 1990, Helbling et al 1992, Neale et al 1992, Smith et al 1992, Holm-Hansen et al 1993, Boucher & Prezelin 1996, Helbling et al 1996 or under artificial light (Cullen & Lesser 1991, Davidson & Marchant 1994, Davidson et al 1996. In the latter case the intensity in the UVR range was far too high or unnatural wavelengths (e.g., c290 nm) were present in the spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the effects of naturally enhanced UV radiation on photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton

Bracher¹,

Wiencke²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The effects of spectral exposure correspondmg to normal and depleted stratospheric ozone concentrations on photosynthesis and mycosporine-Like amino a c~d s ( W A S ) contents of different natural phytoplankton communities were studied in early austral summer 1995/1996 during the JGOFS ANT XIIY2 cruise in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. The radiation conditions were simulated in a special solar simulator in which the same sample was incubated under 2 light regimes differing in UV-B doses In all phytoplankton samples the quantum yield of electron transport in photosystem I1 (PSII) decreased after incubation under increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels. Only samples outside of phytoplankton blooms showed a significant lowering of photosynthetic production rate due to enhanced UV-B. Phytoplankton cells within the blooms probably received protection from UV-absorbing MAAs, because only there cells, chains or colonies of phytoplankton communities were large enough to act in combination with MAAs as effective sunscreens. In addition, witkm the blooms, due to shallow upper mixed layers (UMLS) and stability within the water column, cells had probably enough light to maintain turnover rates of repair mechanisms at PSII and induce sufficient MAA synthesis; these processes were able to compensate for the negative effects of UVR. In contrast, the darnaging effect on photosynthesis was much more severe on phytoplankton cells outside the blooms; most cells (70 to 90%) here were too small to receive protection from the MAAs present, and UMLs were deep and mixing rates high.

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“…UVR affects phytoplankton productivity (Worrest 1983), growth (Jokiel & York 1984, Behrenfeld et al 1992. photosynthesis (El-Sayed et al 1990, Cullen & Lesser 1991, Helbling et al 1992, Lesser et al 1994. photosynthetic pigments (Worrest et al 1978, El-Sayed et al 1990), cell size (Karentz et al 1991, Behrenfeld et al 1992, Buma et al 1996b), nutrient uptake (Behrenfeld et al 1995) , amino acid synthesis (Goes et al 1995), orientation and motility (Hader 1993) Both UVAR and UVBR can cause cell death and mutatlon or other forms of DNA damage (Coohill & Deering 1969, Karentz et al 1991, Buma et al 1995, 1996a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-dependent induction of thymine dimers and growth rate reduction in the marine diatom Cyclotella sp. exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Buma¹,

Engelen²,

Gieskes³

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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ABSTRACT-Cultures of thc marine diatom C}~clotella sp. were subjected to vanous polychromatic exposures of UVB radiation (280-320 nm), UVA radiation (320-400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation, PAR (400-700 nm). Changes in growth rate and residual thymine dlmer content (a measure for DNA damage) were measured during prolonged exposure (6 to 7 d) to these conditions. Also, changes in medn cell size were studled as an Indication of UV radiation induced cell cycle arrest in Cyclotella sp. Growth rate reduction was strongly relrlted with residual thymine dimer content in treatments including wavelengths below 302 nm. Additionally, slgniflcant i n c r~a s e s in mean cell size w r r e found In these cultures. This suggests that UVB-induced residual DNA damage IS followed by ccll cycle arrest and growth rate reduction in Cyclotella sp. We discuss how these results can be interpreted in relation to changes In the solar spectrum as a result of stratospheric ozone reduction.

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Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Antarctic Marine Phytoplankton

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Polyethylene Bags and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation

Polyethylene Bags and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation

Simulation of the effects of naturally enhanced UV radiation on photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton

Wavelength-dependent induction of thymine dimers and growth rate reduction in the marine diatom Cyclotella sp. exposed to ultraviolet radiation

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