Effect of ultrasounds on neurons and microglia: Cell viability and automatic analysis of cell morphology

Bocchi, Leonardo; Branca, Jacopo Junio Valerio; Pacini, Stefania; Cosentino, Angela; Morucci, Gabriele; Ruggiero, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2015.06.011

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This approach is based on the widely recognized feature of ultrasounds to transmit waves of compression and relaxation in biological tissues with resulting changes in organ, cellular and molecular structures that can be exploited in the context of therapy (Leinenga et al, 2016). Thus, we have recently demonstrated that non-thermal ultrasounds induce quasi-instantaneous changes in human neurons and murine microglial cells in vitro with results that are consistent with the observed effects of ultrasounds on mental states Bocchi et al, 2015;Hameroff et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…More recently, we have demonstrated that ultrasounds elicit cellular and molecular responses in neurons and glial cells that are consistent with their effects on mental states and can be exploited in the context of therapy Bocchi et al, 2015;Hameroff et al, 2013;Leinenga et al, 2016). Based on these evidence, we incorporated transcranial ultrasonography in the RK Protocol.…”

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

Klinghardt¹,

Ruggiero²

2017

American Journal of Immunology

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Abstract:Here we describe the Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol that is based on integration of Autonomic Response Testing (ART) with diagnostic ultrasonography and on application of therapeutic ultrasounds; the latter are used as a provocation tool and as an instrument to optimize drug uptake and utilization in specific areas of the body. This protocol consists of a precise sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with the ultimate goal of improving sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis at the same time evaluating and optimizing efficacy of treatments in chronic conditions including, but not limited to, persistent Lyme disease. The RK Protocol represents a paradigm shift in diagnostics and therapeutics: Thus, compartmentalized microbes, transformed cells, toxins and metabolites could be detected using a safe and non-invasive method. In addition, the RK Protocol allows optimization of efficacy of drugs and other therapeutic interventions. Although the RK Protocol was initially developed for persistent Lyme disease, it shows significant potential in conditions ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases and autism. In oncology, the RK Protocol may serve to facilitate early diagnosis and to increase sensitivity of cancer cells to the killing effects of a variety of remedies ranging from conventional radio-and chemotherapy to more recent forms of immunotherapy. Thus, the 1st goal of the RK Protocol is diagnostic: That is, to make pathogens, toxins, transformed cells and cells infected by viruses that are inaccessible to conventional diagnostic and therapeutic tools, "visible" to the therapist who can detect them with laboratory methods and deal with them with appropriate interventions; and also to make them "visible" to the immune system that can fight them in a physiological manner. The 2nd goal is to optimize drug uptake and utilization in the organs and tissues studied and targeted with these procedures.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

Klinghardt¹,

Ruggiero²

2017

American Journal of Immunology

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“…Microglia is closely related to amyloid in AD patients and in the brain of transgenic mice that produce amyloid plaques [23,24] There are many microglia around their amyloid plaques [25]. Simard et al ,observed that microglial cells in the activated state invade into the deposited amyloid plaques, which were also found in other experiments, and this phenomenon of invasion occurred after the formation of amyloid plaques, that is , sedimentary amyloid plaques induce microglia invasion, At the same time, experiments with APP / PS1 mice showed that microglia in the activated state could swallow amyloid plaques deposited in the central nervous system [26],transcranial ultrasonography can activate microglia, thereby promoting its ingestion of amyloid . Studies have shown that microglia and astrocytes are activated in the cortical region after irradiation with focused ultrasound (f = 1 Hz), and their activation is manifested as an increase in the size and shape of the glial cells, whereas the number of cells is not increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Impact of Ultrasound on APP/PS1 Model Mouse

Li¹,

Wang²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Material Science, Energy and Environmental Engineering (MSEEE 2017)

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“…The murine microglia cell line (BV-2), purchased by Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (Brescia, Italy), was routinely cultured as previously reported. 11 During each treatment, the medium was replaced with starvation medium (without FBS) with the appropriate stimuli. Oxaliplatin, dissolved in distilled water, was used at 3 μM final concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant support to ameliorate the oxaliplatin-dependent microglial alteration: morphological and molecular study

et al. 2021

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Oxaliplatin is a third-generation chemotherapy drug mainly used for colorectal cancer treatment. However, it is also known to trigger neuropathy whose underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still under investigation and currently available treatments show limited efficacy. It is now established that neurons are not the only cell type involved in chronic pain and that glial cells, mainly astrocytes and microglia, are involved in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathy. Among all the pathogenetic factors involved in neuropathic pain, an oxaliplatin-dependent oxidative stress plays a predominant role. In our study, the antioxidant properties of magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) salts were evaluated in order to counteract microglial activation induced by oxaliplatin. The antioxidant efficacy of these metals was evaluated by the means of molecular and morphological assays on the BV-2 microglial cell line. Our data clearly show that Mg, Mn and Zn are able to prevent oxaliplatin-dependent microglial alterations by reducing both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

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Effect of ultrasounds on neurons and microglia: Cell viability and automatic analysis of cell morphology

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

The Impact of Ultrasound on APP/PS1 Model Mouse

Antioxidant support to ameliorate the oxaliplatin-dependent microglial alteration: morphological and molecular study

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