Effect of TRIS and Bicarbonate as Buffers on Anesthetic Efficacy of Tricaine Methane Sulfonate in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

SpearsJonathan,; KamundeCollins,; Don, StevensE.

doi:10.1089/zeb.2014.0975

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is available in both pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical grade forms. 10,30 However, cost and difficulty obtaining the pharmaceutical grade version can make it less attractive to researchers compared with rapid chilling. MS222 is classified as a chemical hazard, particularly in its crystalline powdered form, and should be mixed in a hood with proper PPE to avoid irritation to eyes and mucous membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3 Euthanasia Methods on Serum Yield and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Thurman

Rasmussen

Prestia

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Zebrafish are an important model in neuroscience and developmental biology and are also an emerging model in hematology and immunology. Little information is available for zebrafish regarding the physiologic impact of different euthanasia methods and whether a chosen method of euthanasia can impact serum yield. These parameters could impact the choice of euthanasia method for a study. To that end, the current study compared 3 methods of adult zebrafish euthanasia and their effects on 3 distinct criteria; time to loss of opercular movement, volume of serum obtained, and serum cortisol concentration. Blood was collected using a postmortem tail amputation and centrifugation blood collection technique. Time to loss of opercular movement differed significantly among euthanasia methods, with animals undergoing rapid chilling displaying the shortest time (mean Rapid Chilling: 40 s; Benzocaine: 86 s; MS222: 96 s). All methods of euthanasia resulted in a comparable average serum yield (Rapid Chilling = 7.5 μL; Benzocaine = 8.5 μL; MS222 = 7.5 μL per fish). None of the euthanasia methods tested resulted in average cortisol concentrations above the reported physiologic range. Although no significant differences were observed in serum yield or serum cortisol concentration, rapid chilling remains the preferred method for painless, humane euthanasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3 Euthanasia Methods on Serum Yield and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Thurman

Rasmussen

Prestia

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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“…During the exposure period, the fish were fed with an appropriate diet to avoid the stress reaction caused by starvation. After 14 days, nine fish in each group (control group and H 2 O 2 -exposed groups) were picked at random and immediately anesthetized using 100 ppm of MS-222 (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) buffered with sodium bicarbonate [36,37]. Then, blood and gill tissues were collected in the shortest possible time.…”

Section: Animals Experiments Design and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure on Ion Transport in Gills of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Mou

Hou

et al. 2023

Fishes

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High environmental hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been demonstrated to be toxic for fish. However, the response mechanism of fish to chronic H2O2 exposure is not yet well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the alteration in ion transport in gills and analyzed the potential response mechanism after chronic H2O2 exposure. The common carps were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mM of H2O2 for 14 days. The histopathological evaluation results indicated that H2O2 exposure caused incomplete gill filament structure. In the plasma, H2O2 exposure suppressed the potassium (K+) concentration but increased sodium (Na+) concentration. In the gills, the calcium (Ca2+) level was raised, but the K+ and chlorine (Cl−) levels were decreased after H2O2 exposure. After 14 days of exposure, H2O2 prompted the activities of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and H+/K+-ATPase but suppressed Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the gills. Gene transcription analysis showed that the ion-regulation-related genes including nkaa and rhbg were downregulated after H2O2 exposure. In addition, H2O2 exposure upregulated the mRNA levels of cam and camk II, indicating that the Ca2+ singling pathway was activated. In conclusion, our data showed that chronic H2O2 exposure altered gill structure and disturbed ion transport, which further negatively affected the equilibrium of ions and osmotic pressure.

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“…29 It is highly lipid soluble and readily crosses the cell membrane, where it blocks sodium channels, limiting membrane excitability and action potential transmission. 7,26,29 It is primarily excreted unchanged through the gills, 29 but is also rapidly metabolized through acetylation 7 by the liver, kidneys, 7 blood, muscle, 16 and/or gills depending on the species. 29 A common practice is to prepare and store concentrated stock solutions of MS222 that can be diluted and buffered immediately prior to use.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Stability and Efficacy of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS222) Solution After Long-Term Storage

Katz¹,

Chu²,

Casey³

et al. 2020

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) is widely used for the anesthesia and euthanasia of laboratory zebrafish. Fresh solutions have been recommended for each use; however, researchers often mix and store concentrated stock solutions for convenience and to reduce occupational exposure and environmental waste. While this is common practice, published guidelines are often inconsistent. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the stability and anesthetic efficacy of MS222 after long-term storage and to develop specific storage parameters. Stock solutions (100 mg/mL MS222) were mixed and stored in amber jars at 4 °C and -20 °C for 2- and 6-mo. Stability of the solutions was analyzed using liquid chromatography-ion trapmass spectrometry and compared with fresh MS222. Fifty adult (30 male, 20 female) wildtype AB zebrafish (Danio rerio) wererandomly anesthetized with 150 mg/L of one of the following MS222 solutions to evaluate anesthetic efficacy: 1) freshly prepared(0m); 2) 2 mo at 4 °C (2m4); 3) 2 mo at -20 °C (2m-20); 4) 6 mo at 4 °C (6m4); 5) 6 mo at -20 °C (6m-20). Time to cessation of swimming, loss of equilibrium, lack of response to von Frey (VF) stimulation, return of equilibrium, and resumption of swimming were compared between groups. Two fish from each group were euthanized at 24-h and 2-wk after anesthesia, and histopathology was performed. All solutions were determined to be stable under all storage conditions. No clinically significant differences were observed between the fresh and stored stock groups during anesthetic testing. No evidence ofanesthetic-related histologic changes were noted in the gills, skin, kidneys, muscle, and central nervous system. Hepatic megalocytosis and a reduction in hepatic vacuolation were seen to varying degrees across all groups, but did not follow a treatment-related trend. Therefore, 100 mg/mL solutions of MS222 can be stored in amber jars at 4 °C or -20 °C for 6 mo and still used to effectively anesthetize zebrafish.

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Effect of TRIS and Bicarbonate as Buffers on Anesthetic Efficacy of Tricaine Methane Sulfonate in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of 3 Euthanasia Methods on Serum Yield and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effect of 3 Euthanasia Methods on Serum Yield and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Effect of Chronic Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure on Ion Transport in Gills of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The Stability and Efficacy of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS222) Solution After Long-Term Storage

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