Effect of trigger configuration on the crashworthiness characteristics of natural silk epoxy composite tubes

Investigating the quasi-static axial crushing behavior of polymeric foam-filled composite pultrusion square tubes

“…The difference failure patterns and load-displacement curves observed by using non-triggered and triggered specimens conducted by Eshkoor et al [23]. They carried out the crashworthiness assessment on natural silk epoxy composite tubes under quasi-static load.…”

The effect of FRP thickness on energy absorption of metal-FRP square tubes subjected to axial compressive loading

“…The effect of triggers on energy absorption was the focus of several previous studies. Examples include the use of edge chamfering [15], steeple or tulip patterns [16] (result in circumferential and axial cracks, respectively) for square [16,17] and circular [2] tubes, crush cups, and plug initiators [18,19]. Triggers used for metal tubes include edge chamfering, hole discontinuities [20,21], sinusoidal relief patterns [22] to control the wavelength of progressive buckle development, and triggering dents [23].…”

Effects of fiber orientation and wall thickness on energy absorption characteristics of carbon-reinforced composite tubes under different loading conditions

“…To date, a considerable amount of literature has been published on the energy absorption characteristics of composite materials affected by many factors, such as fiber and matrix property [12][13][14], fiber orientation [15; 16], hybridization [17], layup [18], geometry dimension and shape [8; 10; 16; 19; 20], trigger mechanism [21][22][23][24][25] and filler [6; 26]. Through these studies, it can be found that the crushed tubes subjected to axial crushing compression deform in various failure mechanisms, involving delamination, crack propagation, fiber breakage, matrix crack, fiber-matrix debond, lamina bundles fracture and bending etc.…”