Effect of Tranylcypromine on the Blood Pressure Response of Tyramine

Panisset, Jean-Claude; Boivin, Pierre; Napke, E.; Murphy, James B.

doi:10.1038/206311b0

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…While discussion of the TYR pressor response rightly takes precedence, it is prudent to mention that other biogenic ('trace') amines, such as PEA (Jackson and Jenkins 1984) and TRYP (Yılmaz and Gökmen 2020), are likewise found in various foodstuffs (Flockhart 2012), and may in theory, much like TYR, displace vesicular NE (Borowsky et al 2001) (as well as DA, although the significance hereof is disputed) (Flockhart 2012;Jackson and Jenkins 1984), thereby precipitating hypertension in MAOI patients (Panisset et al 1965). This is, however, comparatively less likely to occur due to their significantly lower potency as pressor agents when compared to TYR (Rice et al 1976).…”

Section: Tyr-like Effects Of Other Tasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trace amine theory of spontaneous hypertension as induced by classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Eynde¹

2021

J Neural Transm

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The classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) tranylcypromine (TCP) and phenelzine (PLZ) are powerful antidepressants that come with an equally powerful stigma, and are thus rarely prescribed-despite their well-established effectiveness. Some of these preconceptions appear to stem from unclarity, as the etiology of a rare but important side effect, 'spontaneous hypertension' (SH)-a significant increase in blood pressure absent dietary tyramine ingestion-remains improperly elucidated. This paper aims at uprooting some of the stigma surrounding MAOIs by advancing the trace amine (TA) theory as the causative underpinning of SH. This theory posits that SH results from the considerable influx of TAs observed following TCP-or PLZ-administration. TAs are known, albeit at greatly supraphysiological levels, to raise blood pressure on account of their propensity to exert potent indirect sympathomimetic effects; additionally, some research posits that TAs may induce vasoconstrictive effects partly or wholly separate therefrom, which would then constitute a second hypertensive mechanism. TAs are endogenous to the human body in low quantities. Both TCP and PLZ cause marked elevations of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), meta-and para-tyramine (m-/p-TYR), octopamine (OA), and tryptamine (TRYP), following both acute and (sub) chronic administration. This paper holds that TYR plays a pivotal role in causing SH, due to its strong pressor effect. Cautious treatment of SH is advised, given its typically self-limiting nature. The risk of hypotensive overshoots must be taken into account. For severe cases, this paper urges reconsideration, following suitable confirmation trials, of antipsychotics (notably risperidone) as these agents may reduce striatal p-TYR levels.

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