2021
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02399-9
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The trace amine theory of spontaneous hypertension as induced by classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Abstract: The classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) tranylcypromine (TCP) and phenelzine (PLZ) are powerful antidepressants that come with an equally powerful stigma, and are thus rarely prescribed-despite their well-established effectiveness. Some of these preconceptions appear to stem from unclarity, as the etiology of a rare but important side effect, 'spontaneous hypertension' (SH)-a significant increase in blood pressure absent dietary tyramine ingestion-remains improperly elucidated. This paper aims at upro… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…In the event of a transient BP increase 4.5.1 This side effect can arise shortly after MAOI dosing (mostly with tranylcypromine). 32 A rise in BP is then observed for a couple of hours (the rise in BP is often limited, although in extreme cases it can reach 180 to 200 mmHg systolic). Considering the limited duration of this BP increase, the risk is most often limited; therefore, treatment is typically not indicatedalthough it may still be advisable in more severe cases.…”
Section: 5mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In the event of a transient BP increase 4.5.1 This side effect can arise shortly after MAOI dosing (mostly with tranylcypromine). 32 A rise in BP is then observed for a couple of hours (the rise in BP is often limited, although in extreme cases it can reach 180 to 200 mmHg systolic). Considering the limited duration of this BP increase, the risk is most often limited; therefore, treatment is typically not indicatedalthough it may still be advisable in more severe cases.…”
Section: 5mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cessation of MAOI treatment is only rarely necessary. Note: Several clinician members of the Workgroup mention the successful treatment of exercise-induced hypotension in MAOI patients with propranolol. This is a novel treatment strategy in expert clinical practice; there is no relevant literature at present (this means confirmatory research is required; implement with care). In the event of a transient BP increase This side effect can arise shortly after MAOI dosing (mostly with tranylcypromine) 32 . A rise in BP is then observed for a couple of hours (the rise in BP is often limited, although in extreme cases it can reach 180 to 200 mmHg systolic).…”
Section: Maois: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…All members in the class of anxiolytics are utilized to mitigate anxiety-provoking stimuli, but the pharmacologic effects could be accompanied by side effects such as blood pressure fluctuations, cognitive impairment, and delirium, which can lead to falls. [13][14][15] In the geriatric population, falls cause 95% of hip fractures which may result in decreased long term mobility and nursing home admission. 16 While some psychotrophic medications have been associated with an increased risk of fracture, anxiolytics, which are prescribed more commonly, have not been evaluated systematically.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tryptamine, tyramine and 2-phenethyl amine are called trace amines and have roles in neural and vascular functions [ 13 ], while cadaverine and putrescine are important molecules for cell division [ 14 ]. In addition to their physiological roles, biogenic amines also play a role in the pathomechanism of several diseases such as hypertension [ 15 ], schizophrenia [ 16 ] and cancer development [ 17 ]. Ethylamine represents an organic compound that was found to be negatively associated with the risk of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population [ 18 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%