“…In oats (Avena sativa), Ti uptake as a nutrient solution by roots was more effective than spraying it on the leaves, benefiting various plant physiological parameters such as biomass yield, chlorophyll content, and growth (Kuzel et al, 2003). Kiss et al (1985) and Daood et al (1998) also showed that Ti could activate photosynthesis, probably by changing the redox state of specific regulatory proteins and eliciting an alteration in enzyme activity, the most important enzyme being fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F-1,6BP), which participates in the Calvin cycle, gluconeogenic, and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism which are assumed to be associated with Ti. Haghighi et al (2012) demonstrated that 1 mg L −1 Ti can almost fully compensate the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, flowering time, number of flowers, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity of tomato when nitrogen is reduced by 50%.…”