Effect of TiC and NbC carbides on creep life of stainless steels

Effect of Carbon and Titanium Variations in Fe‐Based Heat‐Resistant Superalloy A286 on TiC and η Phase Formation

“…These titanium species could not dissolve into the matrix of austenite because these have a higher melting temperature. [ 17 ] By comparing microstructures of these alloys after solid solution, it is found that as the C–Ti contents increased grain size decreased and Ti species increased. However, no eta phases were found at this stage of heat treatment.…”

“…Finding a suitable ratio of constituent elements, especially Ti and Al, is required to give the highest strengthening effect at higher temperature works for a long time. [ 8–13,15–18 ] Moreover, it is well known that the addition of C is required in some alloys to enhance hardness, [ 19 ] but elemental C can cause brittleness during composition setting. If C and Ti are added in a certain ratio, they can combine with each other to form into TiC, which acts as a reinforcement ceramic particles and has a beneficial effect by enhancing the strengthening mechanism in alloys.…”

“…If C and Ti are added in a certain ratio, they can combine with each other to form into TiC, which acts as a reinforcement ceramic particles and has a beneficial effect by enhancing the strengthening mechanism in alloys. [ 16,17 ] Strengthening mechanism by TiC reinforcement particles has been widely studied in different stainless steel alloys, especially 300 and 400 series, [ 20,21 ] but not well studied in A286 heat‐resistant alloys.…”

“…To enhance the strengthening mechanism at sufficient high temperatures, TiC particles are widely used in the austenite matrix as a reinforcement, [ 16,17 ] which can limit the formation of chromium‐rich M 23 C 6 ‐type carbide at grain boundaries, can prevent intergranular stress corrosion, and can increase the tensile and creep strength at both high and low temperatures. [ 18,22 ] Ti is the primary constituent of A286 alloy, particularly in the precipitates.…”

Edge Microstructure and Strength Gradient in Thermally Cut Ti-Alloyed Martensitic Steels

“…However, the edge hardness of Steel H remained higher than that of Steel L for both cutting methods. This is related to the variation in steel compositions: (i) more highly alloyed Steel H exhibited larger sizes of coarse and fine Ti-rich particles, which would be more stable with respect to dissolution [57][58][59]; and (ii) potentially higher solute concentrations of Ti, Mo and C in the Steel H matrix not only retarded recovery but also facilitated solid solution strengthening and precipitation and growth of new particles during thermal cutting [60][61][62].…”