Effect of thyroid hormones on acetylcholinesterase mRNA levels in the slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat

Pregelj, Peter; rne-Finderle, N; Sketelj, Janez

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00693-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…For Northern blot analysis, samples were pooled from three animals, pulverized in a mortar chilled by liquid nitrogen, and briefly homogenized in a denaturing solution by an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer. Total RNA was isolated, and Northern blot analysis of AChE mRNA levels was performed as described previously (Pregelj et al, 2003). The autoradiograms were quantified densitometrically using an MCID M4 image analyzer (Imaging Research, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Muscle Activation Pattern and Calcineurin in Acetylcholinesterase Regulation in Rat Skeletal Muscles

Pregelj¹,

Trinkaus²,

Zupan³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in fast rat muscles is approximately fourfold higher than in slow muscles. We examined whether different muscle activation patterns are responsible for this difference and whether the calcineurin signaling pathway is involved in AChE regulation. The slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were directly or indirectly stimulated by a tonic lowfrequency or a phasic high-frequency pattern of electric impulses. The phasic, but not tonic, stimulation increased the AChE mRNA levels in denervated soleus muscles to those in the normal EDL and maintained high levels of AChE mRNA in denervated EDL muscles. Therefore, muscle activation pattern is the predominant regulator of extrajunctional AChE expression in rat muscles. Indirect phasic stimulation of innervated muscles, imposed on their natural pattern of neural activation, did not increase the AChE transcript levels in the soleus, whereas a 30% reduction was observed in the EDL muscles. A low number of impulses per day is therefore prerequisite for high AChE expression. Treatment by tacrolimus and cyclosporin A, two inhibitors of calcineurin (but not by a related substance rapamycin, which does not inhibit calcineurin), increased the levels of AChE transcripts in the control soleus muscles and in tonically electrically stimulated soleus and EDL muscles, even to reach those in the control EDL muscles. Therefore, tonic muscle activation reduces the extrajunctional levels of AChE transcripts by activating the calcineurin signaling pathway. In denervated soleus and EDL muscles, tacrolimus did not prevent the reduction of AChE mRNA levels, indicating that a calcineurin-independent suppressive mechanism was involved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Muscle Activation Pattern and Calcineurin in Acetylcholinesterase Regulation in Rat Skeletal Muscles

Pregelj¹,

Trinkaus²,

Zupan³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Stimulating effect of thyroid hormones in peripheral nerve regeneration: research history and future direction toward clinical therapy

Barakat‐Walter

Kraftsik

2018

Neural Regen Res

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Injury to peripheral nerves is often observed in the clinic and severe injuries may cause loss of motor and sensory functions. Despite extensive investigation, testing various surgical repair techniques and neurotrophic molecules, at present, a satisfactory method to ensuring successful recovery does not exist. For successful molecular therapy in nerve regeneration, it is essential to improve the intrinsic ability of neurons to survive and to increase the speed of axonal outgrowth. Also to induce Schwann cell phenotypical changes to prepare the local environment favorable for axonal regeneration and myelination. Therefore, any molecule that regulates gene expression of both neurons and Schwann cells could play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development and function of the nervous system, so they could be candidates for nervous system regeneration. This review provides an overview of studies devoted to testing the effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral nerve regeneration. Also it emphasizes the importance of combining biodegradable tubes with local administration of triiodothyronine for future clinical therapy of human severe injured nerves. We highlight that the local and single administration of triiodothyronine within biodegradable nerve guide improves significantly the regeneration of severed peripheral nerves, and accelerates functional recovering. This technique provides a serious step towards future clinical application of triiodothyronine in human severe injured nerves. The possible regulatory mechanism by which triiodothyronine stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration is a rapid action on both axotomized neurons and Schwann cells.

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Effect of thyroid hormones on acetylcholinesterase mRNA levels in the slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat

Cited by 2 publications

References 71 publications

The Role of Muscle Activation Pattern and Calcineurin in Acetylcholinesterase Regulation in Rat Skeletal Muscles

The Role of Muscle Activation Pattern and Calcineurin in Acetylcholinesterase Regulation in Rat Skeletal Muscles

Stimulating effect of thyroid hormones in peripheral nerve regeneration: research history and future direction toward clinical therapy

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