Effect of three-dimensional melt pool convection on process characteristics during laser cladding

Numerical simulation of thermal behavior and multicomponent mass transfer in direct laser deposition of Co-base alloy on steel

“…The transport phenom-ena including heat transfer and fluid flow were investigated and analyzed. Kumar et al [13] proposed and solved sets of dimensionless transport equations to investigate the laser metal deposition process. Deposited track geometry, dilution rate and maximum melt pool temperatures were calculated.…”

“…Although numerical simulation has previously offered a tool of effective evaluating the thermal behavior during the direct laser deposition process [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], few models considered the mass transfer in this process. Huang et al [19] studied the heat and mass transport during the laser metal deposition process.…”

“…However, a large number of trial experiments are time-consuming and money-consuming. Numerical simulation has offered an effective tool in prediction the thermal behavior and mass transport in direct laser deposition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. A three-dimensional mathematical model has been established in which the temperature field and flow field is obtained [11].…”

Analytical and Numerical Temperature Prediction in Direct Metal Deposition of Ti6Al4V

“…Other than predicting the temperature and the thermal stresses, the FE-based approach serves also to predict the melt pool geometry as proposed by Peyre et al [15] using a 3D FE model. Several other researchers in [19][20][21] have proposed a complete multi-physics models to predict both the thermo-mechanical processing experienced by the material as well as the complex laser-materials interaction leading to fluid flow in the melt pool, surface tension and thermocapillary forces. Morville et al [22] and Morville [23] presented simulations of a single layer and multilayer cladding with fluid flow and heat transfer to demonstrate the capabilities of FEM method to give a good comprehension of the phenomena responsible for a deleterious surface finish.…”

Heat and mass transfer in laser dissimilar welding of stainless steel and nickel

“…He et al [6] studied the evolution of temperature and velocity fields during laser spot welding of stainless steel under the assumption of flat free surface. Marangoni-Benard convection due to temperature gradient on the surface of the molten pool and Rayleigh-Benard convection due to variation of density inside the molten pool were numerically studied and compared [7,8], under the presence or absence of surface active element such as sulfur [9][10][11] and oxygen [12][13][14]. Heat and mass losses due to vaporization of elements in conduction mode laser welding of alloys were investigated using various models [15][16][17][18].…”