Effect of Thioral on seed‐borne fungi associated with maize varieties grown in Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Kernels of three maize varieties namely: Fraz 23, Fraz 34 and Bendel White planted in Eastern Nigeria in 1982 and 1983 planting seasons were screened for seed-borne fungi. The effects of Thioral (a.i. 25% heptachlor and 25% TMTD), a biocidal seeddressing chemical, on seed-borne fungi and on kernel viability were also investigated. Results showed that kernels of the three maize varieties screened harboured Fusarium moniliforme. Fusarium nivale, Fusarium semitectum, Aspergillius flavus. Penicillium oxalicum, Curvularia pallescens, Rhizopus spp. and Saccharomyces spp. at appreciable high percentages. Fusarium species dominated the other fungi. These fungi caused appre-. ciable reduction in the percentage kernels germinating. In Thioral-treated kernels, F. moniliforme, F. Nivale, F. semitectum. P. oxalicum, C. pallescens, Rhizopus spp. and Saccharoymces spp. were completely eliminated or reduced. The percentage kernel germination increased significantly (P = 0.001) and no phytotoxic effects were observed on the kernels' seedlings treated with Thioral. The mean percentage incidence of A. flavus isolated in Thioral-treated kernels increased when compared with the untreated kernels in all the three maize varieties.

Effect of two insecticides, Sparkill (25% Cypermethrin) and Tafaban (48% Chorpyrifos) on mycobiota of maize plants in Upper Egypt

“…Accordingly, several studies were conducted on the fungal pathogens of maize and their chemical control (Macauley 1979;Abdel-Fattah et al 1982;Gruzdyev et al 1983;Abdel-Kader et al 1984;Watt et al 1984;Abdel-Kader and AbdelMallek 1985;Unechuruba 1986;Batra and Stavely 1993;Hemida et al 1993;AbdelMallek et al 1994;Paul and Mishra 1994;Das et al 1995;Kamrin 1997;Greg et al 1999, Ana et al 2000Stapel et al 2000;Baoying et al 2001;Juan et al 2001).…”