Effect of thermal exposure on the properties of phenolic composites: Dynamic mechanical analysis

Hiltz, John A.; Kuzak, Stephen G.; Waitkus, Phillip A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20010118)79:3<385::aid-app10>3.3.co;2-a

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…When running the sample in DMTA, the glass transition region is reached, thermal energy provides enough molecular mobility so that the chemical reaction can continue, leading to an increase in the crosslinking degree and therefore in T g . Then, the material shows several maxima in tan δ, depending on the growing rate of T g with respect to the heating rate in DMTA experiment 31. From the last maximum32 ( T g ∞ ), it is possible to determine the glass transition temperature of the fully cured material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of fillers on the properties of a phenolic resin cured in acidic medium

Laza

Alonso

Vilas

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The curing behavior of a phenolic resol resin in the presence of p-toluensulphonic acid is reported herein. The gel time of different systems has been determined by thermal scanning rheometry. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resin have been modified by the addition of varying amounts of fillers, talc, and kaolin. dynamic mechanical thermal analysis is used to determine the mechanical properties of the systems and the influence of the fillers and the postcuring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are still used now a days in several applications and form the basis for a large number of materials of outstanding economical and technical importance. The demand for composite materials, combining resins with fillers and fibers, has raised an enormous interest in this type of compounds in recent years1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fillers on the properties of a phenolic resin cured in acidic medium

Laza

Alonso

Vilas

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Resols are formed by reacting phenol with an excess of formaldehyde under alkaline conditions8 and often referred to as one‐step resins since they can be cured by heat alone and require no crosslinking agent 8. Therefore it is very difficult to obtain the blend of these resins with other thermoplastic polymers 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike resols, novolacs require the addition of a crosslinking agent and heat to achieve cure. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), a common crosslinking agent, is added at levels between 8 and 15% 8. When the hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals are used as catalysts in the preparation of novolac resins, an increasing value of the ortho/para substitution ratio of the hydroxymethylphenols is observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of high ortho novolac resin with diacids to improve its mechanical properties

İyim

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the brittleness of high ortho novolac resins, at first, high ortho novolac resins (N) were synthesized and condensation reactions between N and flexible diacids such as adipic acid (DA4) and azelaic acid (DA7) were carried out with different amounts of diacids, in the presence of zinc acetate as catalyst, in toluene as solvent. To characterize the diacid-modified resins (MN), FT-IR analysis, TGA and DSC techniques were used. The morphologies of MN were also investigated. Moldings were prepared from the mixture of MN, fillers, and curing agent hexamethylenetetramine. Mechanical properties of these moldings were also determined. The results showed that high ortho novolac resin was toughened by the incorporation of flexible diacids in the polymer backbone and these modified resins can be used as a matrix resin of composite materials.

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Mechanically robust and thermally stable abrasive tools from phenolic resins reinforced with diazonium‐modified zeolites

et al. 2018

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The contact area between the filler and the polymer is a critical region that influences to a great extent the filler–matrix adhesion and therefore the mechanical properties of the composite. Controlling the type of interactions at this interface has a significant effect on the properties of the composite materials. In this context, we prepared composites by covalent reaction of diazonium‐functionalized zeolite with phenol‐formaldehyde resin. Introducing the hydroxymethyl groups onto the surface of the filler via diazonium chemistry allows for covalent bonds between the resin and the modified filler. Such a modification resulted in higher flexural strength of the composites, better ability to dissipate mechanical energy during load and also better damping properties (which are strongly linked to the final product durability) compared with the composites bearing pristine zeolite filler. Moreover, application of modified filler accelerates the crosslinking of novolac resin used as a binder in abrasive tools. One key feature of the work was brought by thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry results which indicate no release of toxic urotropine degradation products for composites containing modified fillers. This work demonstrates conclusively that diazonium‐functionalized zeolite filler particles improve remarkably the thermal and mechanical properties of novolac‐based composites. Such robust composites have high potential in the production of novel abrasive tools. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3209–3219, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Effect of thermal exposure on the properties of phenolic composites: Dynamic mechanical analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of fillers on the properties of a phenolic resin cured in acidic medium

Influence of fillers on the properties of a phenolic resin cured in acidic medium

Modification of high ortho novolac resin with diacids to improve its mechanical properties

Mechanically robust and thermally stable abrasive tools from phenolic resins reinforced with diazonium‐modified zeolites

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