Effect of Thermal Deformation and Chemical Shrinkage on the Process Induced Distortion of Carbon/Epoxy Curved Laminates

Yoon, Kang Sup; KIM, JU-SIK

doi:10.1106/xnuf-87ag-v8va-vxn7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Similar approaches are successfully applied by Tzeng [273] and Hyer et al [274]. Yoon and Kim [252] use the CLT for spring in prediction of L specimens with various [ ± θ]2s layups, showing reasonable accuracy in comparison with experiments. Kollεr [275] developed approximate equations for the prediction of deformations caused by temperature or moisture gradients.…”

Section: Analytical and Numerical Prediction Of Geometrical Deviationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This behavior is confirmed also for epoxy resin, where the relaxation times strongly depend on the degree of cure and increase when the cross linking reaction further advances [250,251]. However, in case of cure cycles involving low initial cure temperatures, chemical shrinkage dominates the contribution from thermal strains [252,253]. Therefore, neglecting chemical shrinkage can lead to a significant loss in predic tion quality of warpage simulations [ 254 256].…”

Section: Sources Of Process Induced Stressmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Fast processing and continuous simulation of automotive structural composite components

Henning

Kärger

Dörr

et al. 2019

Composites Science and Technology

115

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Due to application-specific tailoring, continuous fiber reinforced plastics (CoFRP) provide an exceptional lightweight potential and are particularly suited for structural components. The use of CoFRP specifically for weight reduction of the automotive car body is the major focus of this feature article. Automotive mass production requires fast and qualified, thus highly automated and material efficient manufacturing technologies. Consequently, CoFRP manufacturing for automotive differs considerably from conventional CoFRP manufacturing for aerospace, particularly in terms of higher throughput with higher investment, but lower operating effort. Furthermore, automotive structures have smaller dimensions with more complex shapes, which makes it more challenging to avoid forming defects and to ensure complete injection. Since manufacturing makes the main difference between automotive and aerospace composite components, this feature article puts emphasis on the process technologies and on the corresponding material behavior and process simulation methods. For a holistic product design of automotive CoFRP components, a simultaneous virtual description and virtual optimization of both manufacturing process and structural capacity is necessary. Production effects must be considered in the part design and, thus, must be reliably predicted by process simulation as well as taken into account in subsequent simulation steps. This feature article therefore evaluates the current state of the art in the continuous virtual representation of CoFRP process chains, including the process steps forming, injection and curing. Furthermore, the integrated optimization along this CAE chain is a key factor for an economic part design and therefore another major subject of this article.

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Section: Analytical and Numerical Prediction Of Geometrical Deviationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Sources Of Process Induced Stressmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fast processing and continuous simulation of automotive structural composite components

Henning

Kärger

Dörr

et al. 2019

Composites Science and Technology

115

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“…Lee and Sohn [5] added the residual stresses in the curing period to the thermal stresses in the cool-down period to make up the total residual stress. Yoon and Kim [6] researched the effect of thermal deformation and chemical shrinkage on the process-induced distortion of carbon/epoxy curved laminates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and verification of machining deformation for composite materials

Tang

et al. 2014

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit.

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Prepreg properties including cure kinetics, cure shrinkage, and coefficient of thermal expansion were analyzed. A simulation method based on "element birth and death" method of Finite element analysis (FEA) was presented to simulate the cutting process and predict the machining deformation for composite laminates and stiffened panels. The comparisons between the simulation results and experimental data showed good agreement. It is found that residual stresses are the main source of machining deformation for composites and machining deformation is expected to happen only if there are stress gradients along the machining direction. There is no machining deformation for composite laminates due to its uniform stresses distribution in plane, while machining deformation can be observed obviously for T-shape stiffened composite panels. Attention should be paid to machining deformation to avoid the mismatch during assembly.

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“…Radford and Diefendorf [3] developed a simple mathematical formula to predict the spring-in of curved shaped Letter parts. Yoon and Kim [4] developed a computational method by applying the characterized properties to the classical lamination theory. All of these studies considered simple structures such as L-shaped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis for the Spring-in of Composite Shells

Dong

2011

Advanced Composites Letters

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Composite materials are a class of engineering materials widely used in a wide range of industries. Spring-in is a common dimensional variation of composite shells. It is well known that spring-in is dependent on many factors e.g. the constituent properties and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). A sensitivity analysis on the spring-in is presented in this paper. The sensitivities of the spring-in to the constituent properties and CTE are studied by the Design of Experiments (DOE) and the Response Surface Method (RSM). It is shown that the spring-in is predominantly sensitive to the Poisson's ratio of the matrix and the transverse CTE of the fibres. The results can be used to estimate the uncertainty of the spring-in from the uncertainties of the constituent properties and CTE, which is potentially useful for the design of composite products with improved dimensional control.

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Effect of Thermal Deformation and Chemical Shrinkage on the Process Induced Distortion of Carbon/Epoxy Curved Laminates

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Fast processing and continuous simulation of automotive structural composite components

Fast processing and continuous simulation of automotive structural composite components

Simulation and verification of machining deformation for composite materials

Sensitivity Analysis for the Spring-in of Composite Shells

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