Effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

The larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti were tested for the potential to develop resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, alone or a combination of deltamethrin with the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Although continuous larval selection for 40 generations resulted in 703-fold resistance, the resistance ratio in the adults was only 1.3. Similarly, adult selections with deltamethrin showed a resistance ratio of less than four after 40 generations, indicating differential response to deltamethrin selection in the two developmental stages of the insect. When the susceptible larvae were subjected to selection pressure of deltamethrin and PBO in the ratio of 1:5 for 20 generations, the speed of selection for deltamethrin resistance slowed down by 60%. The F24 larvae obtained from the strain selected with deltamethrin alone were further subjected to selection pressure with synergized deltamethrin, which resulted in 89% reversal in deltamethrin resistance in just one generation. However, long-term selection with the insecticide-synergist combination returned resistance close to original levels in 15 generations. The data indicate the involvement of cytochrome P450-dependent detoxification as the primary mechanism of development of resistance to deltamethrin in the larvae. Implications of the results on the management of larval and adult stages of Ae. aegypti are discussed.

Synergist efficacy of piperonyl butoxide with deltamethrin as pyrethroid insecticide on Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoe species

“…quinquefasciatus from India was found to be more than that observed in the present investigation (Rajvanshi et al, 1982). Similarly, deltamethrin is known to have a very high larvicidal activity against various species of Aedes as well (Mulla et al, 1980;Rettich, 1980;Das and Kalyanasundaram, 1984;Kumar et al, 2002). Ranasingh and Georghiou (1979) reported reduction in resistance levels from 7.8-to 5.5-fold in one generation, when Cx.…”

The Anopheles gambiae detoxification chip: A highly specific microarray to study metabolic-based insecticide resistance in malaria vectors

“…Many studies have implicated P450s in metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in insects (18,19), and the gene CYP6Z1 has been shown to be significantly overexpressed in the permethrinresistant RSP strain of An. gambiae with a quantitative RT-PCR ratio of 3.5-fold (20).…”

Status dan perkembangan resistensi Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) strain Bandung, Bogor, Makassar, Palu, dan VCRU terhadap insektisida permetrin dengan seleksi lima generasi

“…Tingginya tingkat resistensi terhadap permetrin kemungkinan disebabkan karena permetrin telah digunakan secara luas sejak tahun 1980an, baik untuk pengendalian hama pertanian, Terjadinya peningkatan resistensi akibat seleksi dari waktu ke waktu sampai pada lima generasi hingga 17,8 kali nampaknya karena insektisida telah menyeleksi individu rentan, dan yang berhasil hidup adalah individu yang resisten terhadap insektisida. Hal serupa dilakukan oleh Kumar et al (2002) melalui tekanan seleksi insektisida selama 40 generasi pada larva yang menghasilkan tingkat resistensi sebesar 703 kali, demikian juga yang dilakukan oleh Chang et al (2012), pada 46 generasi telah terjadi peningkatan resistensi 400 kali lipat. Hasil yang menarik ditunjukkan bahwa perkembangan resistensi pada strain rentan VCRU lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan strain lapangan.…”