Effect of the support properties on the preparation and performance of platinum catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers

Calvillo, Laura; Gangeri, M.; Perathoner, S.; Centi, Gabriele; Moliner, R.; Lázaro, M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.005

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This may be caused by the macroporous 3D structure of the electrode visible in the SEM images (Fig. 3) or by a possible mesoporous structure of the GNF that enhances the transfer of reactants and products through the catalyst layer [17] [18]. On the other hand, the visibly most porous electrode structure in MEA30 results in poorer performance than MEA50, which is probably due to the better conductivity of the catalyst layer in MEA50.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNF) have high electronic conductivity and thermal oxidation resistance due to their graphitic nature [15] [16] as well as high mesoporous content, which can enhance mass transfer through the catalyst layer [17] [18]. Also, it has been suggested [19] that the high electrochemical capacitances of edge-rich GNF types (herringbone and platelet) [20] indicate strong interactions with ions and this would stabilize metallic catalyst particles formed from ions on these surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of Nafion content in a graphitized carbon nanofiber-based anode for the direct methanol fuel cell

Kanninen

Borghei

Ruiz

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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The performance and stability of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) using different Nafion ® contents (30, 50 and 70 wt % or MEA30, MEA50 and MEA70, respectively) and graphitized carbon nanofiber (GNF) supported PtRu catalyst at the anode was investigated by a constant current measurement of 9 days (230 h) in a DMFC and characterization with various techniques before and after this measurement. Of the pristine MEAs, MEA50 reached the highest power and current densities. During the 9-day measurement at a constant current, the performance of MEA30 decreased the most (-124 µV h -1 ), while the MEA50 was almost stable (-11 µV h -1 ) and performance of MEA70 improved (+115 µV h -1 ). After the measurement, the MEA50 remained the best MEA in terms of performance. The optimum anode Nafion content for commercial Vulcan carbon black supported PtRu catalysts is between 20 and 40 wt %, so the GNF-supported catalyst requires more Nafion to reach its peak power. This difference is explained by the tubular geometry of the catalyst support, which requires more Nafion to form a penetrating proton conductive network than the spherical Vulcan.Mass transfer limitations are mitigated by the porous 3D structure of the GNF catalyst layer and possible changes in the compact Nafion filled catalyst layers during constant current production.2

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Section: Fuel Cell Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Nafion content in a graphitized carbon nanofiber-based anode for the direct methanol fuel cell

Kanninen

Borghei

Ruiz

et al. 2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Another widely investigated nanocarbon materials are graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNF) (Figure 26b) that consist of multiple layer by layer placed parallel graphene sheets aligned in definite directions such as platelet or ribbon and the diameter of these fibers is 2-100 nm with length of 5-100 µm [135]. Due to their graphitic nature these structures have high electronic conductivity, thermal oxidation resistance [143,144] and high mesoporous content that can enhance the mass transfer through the catalyst layer [ 145 ]. Even with low catalyst loading high performance have been obtained for methanol oxidation with this support in comparison to Vulcan [146] and the platelet type PtRu/GNF has shown superior performance for methanol DAFC [147].…”

Section: Support Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

Santasalo-Aarnio

Tuomi

Jalkanen

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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“…This may be the result of the surface oxidation, since in a research conducted by Calvillo et al, the agglomeration tendency of platinum particles was observed to increase as the degree of oxidation of the fibres grew. This was concluded to result from the decomposition of less stable surface oxygen groups occurring during the catalyst reduction stage, which facilitates the mobility of platinum particles on the support surface and thus connives in particle growth [32]. Figure 4 illustrates, as an example, the XRD spectra of the acid-treated samples synthesized by the IM.…”

Section: Platinum Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitised Carbon Nanofibres as Catalyst Support for PEMFC

et al. 2011

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Graphitised carbon nanofibres (G‐CNFs) show superior thermal stability and corrosion resistance in PEM fuel cell environment over traditional carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotube catalyst supports. However, G‐CNFs have an inert surface with only very limited amount of surface defects for the anchorage of Pt catalyst nanoparticles. Modification of the fibre surface is therefore needed. In this study Pt nanoparticles have been deposited onto as‐received and surface‐modified G‐CNFs. The surface modifications of the fibres comprise acid treatment and nitrogen doping by pyrolysis of a polyaniline (PANI) precursor. The modified surfaces were studied by FTIR and XPS and the electrochemical characterization, including long‐term Pt stability tests, was performed using a low‐temperature PEMFC single cell. The performance and stability of the G‐CNF supported catalysts were compared with a CB supported catalyst and the effects of the different surface treatments were discussed. On the basis of these results, new membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were manufactured and tested also for carbon corrosion by in situ FTIR analysis of the cathode exhaust gases. It was observed that the G‐CNFs showed 5 times lower carbon corrosion compared to CB based catalyst when potential reached 1.5 V versus RHE in simulated start/stop cycling.

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Effect of the support properties on the preparation and performance of platinum catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of Nafion content in a graphitized carbon nanofiber-based anode for the direct methanol fuel cell

The effect of Nafion content in a graphitized carbon nanofiber-based anode for the direct methanol fuel cell

The correlation of electrochemical and fuel cell results for alcohol oxidation in acidic and alkaline media

Graphitised Carbon Nanofibres as Catalyst Support for PEMFC

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