Effect of the side of ovulation on the uterine morphometry, blood flow, progesterone, oestradiol and nitric oxide during spontaneous and induced oestrus in lactating dairy cows

Abstract

This study investigates the changes in endometrial thickness between ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns, diameter, blood flow area and hormonal concentrations in cows during natural and induced oestrus. In the induced group, six cows received a controlled internal device insert for 7 days. In the normal and induced oestrous group (n = 12), Doppler was performed day after day from day 5 till day 15. Oestradiol, progesterone and nitric oxide metabolites (NOMs) were measured. Results showed that dorsal, ventral and cross‐section diameter of the ipsilateral horn increased during the induced oestrous group to reach a maximum on day 2 than during normal one. The total coloured area in both horns in a normal and induced group was also affected (p < .001), as the total coloured area in the ipsilateral horns, increased in the induced group, reach a maximum on day 2 after ovulation, while in normal it reaches a maximum on day of ovulation. Oestradiol increased during the induced cycle than during the normal one, but progesterone increased during days after ovulation reaches a higher value on day 10 in both groups. Nitric oxide showed two peaks, one on the day 3 and another peak on day 5. Conclusion: The ipsilateral uterine horn different diameters and thickness increased more rapidly in the induced oestrous group than the natural oestrus group. A complete analysis of variations in P4 and E2 concentrations and endometrial thickness suggested that decreases in P4 concentrations were related to an increase in endometrial thickness and that increases in E2 concentrations enhanced these endometrial changes.

Assessment of the accuracy of testicular dysfunction detection in male donkey (Equus asinus) with the aid of colour‐spectral Doppler in relation to plasma testosterone and serum nitric oxide levels

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that induces a type of oxidative stress in female and male reproductive metabolism (Abdelnaby & Abo El‐Maaty, 2020; Abdelnaby, et al., 2020a; Kolasa et al., 2009). In the testis, its form is NO synthase, and its breakdown results in the NO metabolites (NOMs) in form of nitrite and nitrate.…”

Ovarian, uterine, and luteal vascular perfusions during follicular and luteal phases in the adult cyclic female rabbits with special orientation to their histological detection of hormone receptor

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is a paracrine mediator with a wide range of physiological roles, including arterial dilation/permeability modulation [30] and neurotransmission [31]. Several lines of evidence imply that NO is involved in cycle-dependent ovarian events, such as ovulation and luteal function modulation [32,33]. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence and distribution of these critical hormonal receptors (ER, PR, and VEGF-A) in the ovarian and uterine tissues with alterations in the vascularization of rabbits at the FP and LP have not been well studied.…”

Histological and hemodynamic characterization of corpus luteum throughout the luteal phase in pregnant and non-pregnant buffalos in relation to nitric oxide levels based on its anatomical determination

“…Moreover, lower pregnancy rates are observed with lower CL vascularization after 5 days of mating ( 26 ). The luteal and early normal pregnancy phases are associated with marked changes in the cardiovascular hemodynamic system, such as elevated blood flow volume and decreased Doppler indices, especially vascular resistance index ( 27 , 28 ), as all these changes are followed by increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolites (NOMs) in the form of nitrite and nitrate, which lead to the improved response of smooth muscle on NO reaction ( 29 ). Little is known about the histological structure of CL, using the Doppler technique that is based on the anatomical determination of the luteal artery, as well as characterization of each luteal stage in normal luteal and pregnant phases in Egyptian domestic buffalo.…”