Histological and hemodynamic characterization of corpus luteum throughout the luteal phase in pregnant and non-pregnant buffalos in relation to nitric oxide levels based on its anatomical determination

Abstract

This study aims to compare the complete growth and development of corpus luteum (CL) in domestic buffalos from day 5 until day 40 after ovulation either in pregnant or non-pregnant animals and whether luteal vascularity (LV) with progesterone (P4) and nitric oxide (NO) could determine luteal functionality or not. Pluriparous buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) were categorized as pregnant (n = 6) or non-pregnant (n = 9) after pregnancy check at day 25. Animals were subjected to ultrasound analysis to determine the CL area (cm2) and LV. Blood sampling was performed following the Doppler examination. Ovarian tissue samples from non-pregnant buffalo genitalia (n = 18) and early pregnant buffalo genitalia (n = 3) were collected from great abattoirs. Luteal Doppler indices were lower in the pregnant group, while peak systolic velocity (PSV) was increased (p < 0.05) in the same pregnant females. Both P4 and NOMs were elevated (p < 0.05) in the pregnant group. There was a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between P4 and CL PSV. Based on our macroscopical examination, the CL of non-pregnant buffalos was classified into four stages. Histologically, stage I showed that CL was covered by a highly vascularized connective tissue (CT) capsule. It consisted of small and large lutein cells, whereas stage II was similar to stage I except for the presence of numerous fibroblast cells and vacuolated cells. Stage III was characterized by increasing the number of collagen fibers and the thickness of the blood vessels. Stage IV revealed thickening of the CT capsule and septae, regressed capillaries and arterioles, in addition to shrunken degenerated lutein cells. CL of pregnant buffalos revealed the same structure as CL at stage II. CL area was increased in the pregnant group. The collective data suggested that evaluation of the luteal artery could be extremely helpful to determine the potential benefits of colored and pulsed Doppler in CL vascularization assessment in both luteal and early pregnancy phases.

The impact of varying doses of moringa leaf methanolic extract supplementation in the cryopreservation media on sperm quality, oxidants, and antioxidant capacity of frozen-thawed ram sperm

“…In line with our findings, feeding male rabbits 5 % MOLE for 84 days decreased MDA while increasing SOD (Jimoh et al 2021). NO is an oxygen-free radical molecule (Daghash et al 2022) that shares in the regulation of spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and maturation (Abdelnaby et al 2021;El-Sherbiny et al 2022b). In agreement with our results, a low NO level plays an essential role in sperm motility (Du Plessis et al 2010), but an increased level of NO decreases sperm motility and viability (Badade et al 2011).…”

Ovarian, uterine, and luteal vascular perfusions during follicular and luteal phases in the adult cyclic female rabbits with special orientation to their histological detection of hormone receptor

“…The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes several steroid hormone-induced morphological and functional changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy [77,78]. In this study, the endometrium displayed evident morphological and functional changes owing to hormonal status.…”

Exogenous L‐arginine administration improves uterine vascular perfusion, uteroplacental thickness, steroid concentrations and nitric oxide levels in pregnant buffaloes under subtropical conditions

“…Similarly, studies revealed that L-Arg enhances the delivery of essential nutrients (Fan et al, 1998;Gardner et al, 2001) and increases placental growth (Wu et al, 2004). Moreover, NO and polyamines are critical for angiogenesis, foetal enhancement and placental development (Daghash et al, 2022;Hong et al, 2020;Redmer et al, 2001;. pregnancies with dissenting foetal growth (Jurisic et al, 2018).…”

“…Similarly, studies revealed that L‐Arg enhances the delivery of essential nutrients (Fan et al, 1998; Gardner et al, 2001) and increases placental growth (Wu et al, 2004). Moreover, NO and polyamines are critical for angiogenesis, foetal enhancement and placental development (Daghash et al, 2022; Hong et al, 2020; Redmer et al, 2001; Reynolds & Redmer, 2001). The increased serum NO levels in the L‐Arg administered buffalo cows in the present study support the proposed hypothesis and the aforementioned L‐Arg mechanisms of uterine blood flow modulation.…”