Effect of the Rumen on Dietary Fat

Shorland, F. B.; Weenink, R. O.; Johns, Anthony

doi:10.1038/1751129a0

Cited by 121 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The biohydrogenation process has been known for a long time to occur in the rumen as the result of microbial metabolic activity (Shorland et al, 1955). If ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids can be controlled, it may be possible to improve the healthiness of ruminant meats and milk by increasing their unsaturated fatty acids composition in general and the n-3 fatty acids in particular (Scollan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Biohydrogenation In the Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Wallace¹

2008

Animal

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Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-encoding gene sequences from gut microbial ecosystems reveals bewildering genetic diversity. Some metabolic functions, such as glucose utilisation, are fairly widespread throughout the genetic spectrum. Others, however, are not. Despite so many phylotypes being present, single species or perhaps only two or three species often carry out key functions. Among ruminal bacteria, only three species can break down highly structured cellulose, despite the prevalence and importance of cellulose in ruminant diets, and one of those species, Fibrobacter succinogenes, is distantly related to the most abundant ruminal species. Fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen, particularly the final step of biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, stearate formation, is achieved only by a small sub-group of bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Individuals who lack Oxalobacter formigenes fail to metabolise oxalate and suffer kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate. Perhaps the most celebrated example of the difference a single species can make is the 'mimosine story' in ruminants. Mimosine is a toxic amino acid found in the leguminous plant, Leucaena leucocephala. Mimosine can cause thyroid problems by being converted to the goitrogen, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone, in the rumen. Observations that mimosine-containing plants were toxic to ruminants in some countries but not others led to the discovery of Synergistes jonesii, which metabolises 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone and protects animals from toxicity. Thus, despite the complexities indicated by molecular microbial ecology and genomics, it should never be forgotten that gut communities contain important metabolic niches inhabited by species with highly specific metabolic capability.

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Section: Biohydrogenation In the Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Wallace¹

2008

Animal

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“…Conjugated linoleic acid is produced from polyunsaturated fat by certain rumen micro-organisms (Shorland et al 1955). Kepler and Tove (1967) showed that the first intermediate in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen bacteria such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens is c9,t11-18:2.…”

confidence: 99%

Production of conjugated linoleic acid by dairy starter cultures

Jiang

Björck

Fondén

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

259

218

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J. JIANG, L. BJÖ RCK AND R. FONDÉ N. 1998. Nineteen different strains of lactobacilli, lactococci, streptococci and propionibacteria commonly used as dairy starter cultures were tested for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from free linoleic acid in vitro. Two strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii and one strain of P. freudenreichii ssp. sheramnii were found to be capable of converting free linoleic acid to extracellular CLA. The highest level of CLA formed in the media was 265 mg ml −1 . Of the different isomers, cis-and trans-9,11-octadecadienoic acid represented more than 70% of the total CLA formed. The inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on the growth of the bacteria and its conversion to CLA in different media by propionibacteria are discussed.

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“…L'introduction d'herbe dans l'alimentation des vaches laitières apporte une quantité considé-rable d'acide linolénique au niveau du rumen. En effet, cet acide représente environ 60 p. 100 des acides gras de l'herbe (SHORLAND, WEENINK et JOHNS, 1955) (HARTMAN,SHORLANDet MOIR, 1956). Il possède une structure cis, cis, cis puisqu'il a été montré que les acides trans n'existaient qu'à l'état de traces dans les lipides de l'herbe (HARTMAN, SHORLANDet McDoNALD, 1954).…”

Section: Acides Diènes Conjuguésunclassified

“…Il est en effet hydrogéné au niveau du rumen. SHORLAND, WEENINK et JOHNS (1955) (1951). MATTSON, THOME et SWARTLING (1951 b) ont d'autre part montré la grande stabilité de la teneur en acide linoléique du beurre au cours de l'année, ceci dans les conditions normales d'alimentation des vaches laitières.…”

Section: Acides Diènes Conjuguésunclassified

Influence de la mise à l'herbe des vaches laitières sur les indices de la matière grasse du beurre et sur les teneurs en différents acides gras poly-insaturés

Kuzdzal-Savoie¹,

Kuzdzal²

1961

Lait

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Effect of the Rumen on Dietary Fat

Cited by 121 publications

References 6 publications

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Gut microbiology – broad genetic diversity, yet specific metabolic niches

Production of conjugated linoleic acid by dairy starter cultures

Influence de la mise à l'herbe des vaches laitières sur les indices de la matière grasse du beurre et sur les teneurs en différents acides gras poly-insaturés

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