Effect of the reduction of the crude protein content of diets supplemented with essential amino acids on the performance of piglets weighing 6–15kg

Toledo, Juliana Beatriz; Furlan, Antônio Cláudio; Pozza, Paulo César; Piano, Liliane Maria; Carvalho, Paulo Levi de Oliveira; Sierra, Lina María Peñuela; Huepa, Laura Marcela Díaz

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.07.006

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similar to the results of this study, Toledo et al (2014) did not observe any differences in performancerelated variables of piglets weighing 6-15 kg, by de-creasing dietary CP levels, despite using piglets in different production stage. The amino acid imbalance may negatively influence feed intake (Park, 2006) and, consequently, performance.…”

Section: Performance Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balancesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The linear reduction in nitrogen intake and excretion, with CP reduction, corroborates previous research in weaning piglets (Gloaguen et al, 2014;Toledo et al, 2014) and in growing pigs (Andretta et al, 2014;Monteiro et al, 2017b). The National Research Council (NRC, 2012) suggested that for each percentage unit of dietary CP reduction, nitrogen excretion can be expected to decrease by 8 %, due to the lower amino acid deamination and, consequently, lower urea excretion in urine.…”

Section: Performance Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balancesupporting

confidence: 86%

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Effect of observed individual data of performance and excretion on life cycle assessment of piglets

Monteiro

Dourmad

Fachinello

et al. 2019

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The objective was to evaluate the impact of producing piglets fed diets with different crude protein (CP) levels through life cycle assessment and experimental data. In Trial I (performance), 28 crossbred barrow piglets, with an initial average weight of 15.3 ± 1.15 kg were divided into a randomized block design with four treatments, seven replications and one animal per experimental unit. In Trial II (nitrogen and phosphorus balance), 20 crossbred barrow piglets with an average weight of 21.4 ± 1.62 kg were divided in a randomized block design with four treatments, five replications and one animal per experimental unit. Four experimental feeds were evaluated: HighCP, CP18, CP17 and LowCP, with 19, 18, 17 and 16 % of CP, meeting the requirements of digestible amino acids through industrial amino acid (IAA) addition. From Trial I and II data, the environmental impact was calculated for global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, cumulative energy demand, terrestrial ecotoxicity and land occupation (LO). Total nitrogen excretion decreased by 0.226 g d -1 for each 1 g of reduction on daily nitrogen intake. However, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) among experimental treatments for all impact categories. For LO, there was a reduction (p = 0.078) of impact with CP reduction, which was 8 % lower with the LowCP diet, in comparison with HighCP. Dietary CP reduction for piglets from 15 to 30 kg, through IAA supplementation, reduced the environmental impact under LO, considering soybean meal from southern Brazil and observed individual data of performance and excretion.

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Section: Performance Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Performance Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balancesupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of observed individual data of performance and excretion on life cycle assessment of piglets

Monteiro

Dourmad

Fachinello

et al. 2019

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Consistent with previous studies [ 8 , 44 ], PUN was reduced as the level of CP was decreased in the present study. Urea is generally synthesized when AA intake surpasses the amount needed by the organism for the synthesis of proteins [ 45 ]. The reduction in PUN in pigs fed a LP diet is indicative of a better AA balance and a reduction in excess AA in the diet, which may depend on the reduced AA catabolism and greater synthesis of protein [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Cysteamine Supplementation on Protein Synthetic and Degradative Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Finishing Pigs

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Dietary protein levels and cysteamine (CS) supplementation can affect growth performance and protein metabolism of pigs. However, the influence of dietary protein intake on the growth response of CS-treated pigs is unclear, and the mechanisms involved in protein metabolism remain unknown. Hence, we investigated the interactions between dietary protein levels and CS supplementation and the effects of dietary crude protein levels and CS supplementation on protein synthetic and degradative signaling in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs. One hundred twenty barrows (65.84 ± 0.61 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replicates of six pigs each. The primary variations were dietary crude protein (CP) levels (14% or 10%) and CS supplemental levels (0 or 700 mg/kg). The low-protein (LP) diets (10% CP) were supplemented with enough essential amino acids (EAA) to meet the NRC AA requirements of pigs and maintain the balanced supply of eight EAA including lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine. After 41 days, 10 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. We found that LP diets supplemented with EAA resulted in decreased concentrations of plasma somatostatin (SS) (P<0.01) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) (P<0.001), while dietary protein levels did not affect other traits. However, CS supplementation increased the average daily gain (P<0.001) and lean percentage (P<0.05), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) and back fat (P<0.05). CS supplementation also increased the concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (P<0.001), and reduced the concentrations of leptin, SS, and PUN (P<0.001). Increased mRNA abundance of Akt1 and IGF-1 signaling (P<0.001) and decreased mRNA abundance of Forkhead Box O (FOXO) 4 (P<0.01) and muscle atrophy F-box (P<0.001) were observed in pigs receiving CS. Additionally, CS supplementation increased the protein levels for the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eIF-4E binding protein 1, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (P<0.001). There were no interactions between dietary protein levels and CS supplementation for all traits. In conclusion, dietary protein levels and CS supplementation influenced growth and protein metabolism through independent mechanisms in pigs. In addition, LP diets supplemented with EAA did not affect growth performance and other traits except the concentrations of SS and PUN probably through maintenance of protein synthesis and degradation signaling. Moreover, CS supplementation improved growth performance by increasing plasma IGF-1 concentrations possibly through alterations of mTOR and Akt/FOXO signaling pathways in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs.

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“…Reducing dietary CP content, by lowering the incorporation of protein-rich ingredients, reduces N excretion by pigs (TOLEDO et al, 2014;MONTEIRO et al, 2017) and consequently emissions of NH 3 and nitrate from manure (VAN DER PEET-SCHWERING et al, 1999). A reduction in AP and EP of the pig chain can be expected, when adding AA to the diets, because of the reduction in NH 3 and nitrate losses associated with the use of pig manure.…”

Section: Nutrition and Acidification And Eutrophication Potential Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment as a tool to evaluate the impact of reducing crude protein in pig diets

Monteiro

Dourmad²,

Pozza

2017

Cienc. Rural

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Environmental impacts of livestock systems, especially pig production, have come under increasing debate in recent years. The challenge is in meeting the growing demand for food at an affordable cost, without compromising environmental integrity. Previous studies have shown that feed production is responsible for the majority of CO2-eq. emission resulting from pig farming systems. This seems to indicate that feed strategies could be an effective tool to achieve the sustainability of the pork chain. Therefore, dietary crude protein reduction, through the addition of industrial amino acids, lessens the nitrogen excretion by pigs and, consequently, could mitigate the effects on the environment of pig production. In this sense, to effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of pig production systems, life cycle assessment has been widely used in agriculture, but the effects of feed are still understudied in Brazilian conditions. Owing to the importance and the great concern in this research area, we presented in this paper an updated review focusing on the nutritional techniques and their potential to reduce the global warming potential of pig production, considering both the direct effects, related to the choice of feed ingredients and the indirect effects, related to changes in the efficiency of use of nutrient by the animals.

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Effect of the reduction of the crude protein content of diets supplemented with essential amino acids on the performance of piglets weighing 6–15kg

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of observed individual data of performance and excretion on life cycle assessment of piglets

Effect of observed individual data of performance and excretion on life cycle assessment of piglets

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels and Cysteamine Supplementation on Protein Synthetic and Degradative Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Finishing Pigs

Life cycle assessment as a tool to evaluate the impact of reducing crude protein in pig diets

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