Effect of the pore size and surface modification of porous glass membranes on vanadium redox-flow battery performance

Spectroscopic insight into post-synthetic surface modification of porous glass beads as a silica model system

“…10 The oxidation of the thiol group to be transformed into a sulfonic acid group, was reported as in situ one-pot modification 10 as well as subsequent second reaction step. 11 Sulfonic acid groups immobilized on a solid support are of particular interest as solid acids, a green alternative for acidic catalysts for example in biodiesel synthesis 12 or hydrolysis of cellulose. 13 Their excellent performance in proton transport as required in membranes of redox-flow batteries used for the storage of renewable energies is experimentally well demonstrated, however, without detailed knowledge of binding mode or the textural properties of the substrate.…”

“…10 The oxidation of the thiol group to be transformed into a sulfonic acid group, was reported as in situ one-pot modification 10 as well as subsequent second reaction step. 11…”

“…13 Their excellent performance in proton transport as required in membranes of redox-flow batteries used for the storage of renewable energies is experimentally well demonstrated, however, without detailed knowledge of binding mode or the textural properties of the substrate. 11 Hence, there is a demand for deeper understanding of the pore structure and molecular properties of the porous glass upon post-synthetic grafting. For efficient chemical activity, the beneficial properties of controlled pore glass, such as a very high surface area, a well-defined porous structure and mechanical stability, need to be preserved throughout modification procedures.…”

High Proton Selectivity Sulfonated Polyimides Ion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Flow Batteries

“…The water channel formed by the hydrophobic main chain and hydrophilic side chain cause severe permeation of vanadium, and the perfluorinated backbone makes them expensive [14,16]. In order to overcome the shortcomings of Nafion membranes, researchers have made great efforts during the past few decades, such as modification of perfluoro sulfonic IEMs by blending [15], synthesis of non-fluorinated IEMs [17], preparation of porous membranes [18], and so forth [19]. Non-fluorinated IEMs have gained wide attention due to the fact that they are non-fluorinated polymers and their preparation cost is usually low.…”

Review—Ionic Liquids Applications in Flow Batteries

“…44 they show various advantages of flexible design, quick response time, long lifespan, and energy storage and power output decoupling, etc. [45][46][47][48] Practically, RFBs store energy according to their soluble redox couples in the storage tanks, which is different from the traditional batteries that store energy by their solid electrodes, whose mass defines its energy capacity. therefore, RFBs can be easily scaled up based on demand, in which the kinetic and transport properties of the redox couples govern the battery's power output.…”