Effect of the oxygen functional groups of activated carbon on its electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

Li, Xiran; Jiang, Yanghui; Wang, Pei-zhi; Mao, Yan; Lai, Wende; Li, Zheng-jiong; Yu, Ru-ji; Du, Yuting; Zhang, Xinren; Chen, Yong

doi:10.1016/s1872-5805(20)60487-5

Cited by 129 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Oxygen element exists in almost all BDCs consisting of oxygen‐containing functional groups, such as hydroxy, carboxyl, and carbonyl, among others 166 . This should enhance the surface wettability and increase ions accessible active surface areas, thereby introducing extra pseudocapacitance 167 . In this view, BDC from elm seeds has shown an oxygen‐rich porous structure with exceptional oxygen content (32.95 at.%), contributing to the pseudocapacitance and enhancing the surface wettability 157 .…”

Section: Influencing Factors Of Bdcs In Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

Luo

Chen

et al. 2021

SusMat

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121

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Biomass is rich, renewable, sustainable, and green resources, thereby excellent raw material for the fabrication of carbon materials. The diversity in structure and morphology of biomass are relevant in obtaining carbon materials with different structures and performances. The inherent ordered porous structure of biomass also benefits the activation process to yield porous carbons with ultrahigh specific surface area and pore volume. Besides, obtained biomass‐derived carbons (BDCs) are hard carbon with porous morphology, stable structure, superior hardness/strength, and good cycling performances when used in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The inherent N, S, P, and O elements in biomass yield naturally self‐doped N, S, P, and O BDCs with unique intrinsic structures. In this paper, the synthesis approaches and applications of BDCs in ECs are reviewed. It shows that BDCs electrochemical performances are highly determined by their pore structures, specific surface areas, heteroatoms doping, graphitization degree, defects, and morphologies. The electrochemical performances of BDCs can further be improved by compositing with other materials, such as graphene, carbon nanofibers/nanotubes, transition metal oxides or hydroxides, and conducting polymers. The future challenges and outlooks of BDCs are also provided.

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Section: Influencing Factors Of Bdcs In Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

Luo

Chen

et al. 2021

SusMat

Self Cite

121

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“…Carbon-based materials have inferior specific capacitance since the entire capacitance is contributed through physical charge storage with the formation of an electric double layer associated with the porous structure of the active material [13]. Higher specific capacitance can be achieved by introducing functional groups on the surface [22] or within the core of the active material [23] where total capacitance is the sum of EDLC (through the formation of the electric double layer at electrode/electrolyte interface physically) and Faradaic pseudo-capacitance (contributed by heteroatoms capable of storing electric charge through fast and fully reversible Faradaic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface accompanied by electronic charge transfer) of carbon [4,[23][24][25]. Specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) are two fundamental parameters with a substantial effect on the EDLC of the cell [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors

et al. 2020

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In this study, RF-based un-doped and nitrogen-doped aerogels were produced by polymerisation reaction between resorcinol and formaldehyde with sodium carbonate as catalyst and melamine as the nitrogen source. Carbon/activated carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonisation of the gels under inert atmosphere (Ar) followed by activation of the carbons under CO2 at 800 °C. The BET analysis of the samples showed a more than two-fold increase in the specific Surf. area and pore volume of carbon from 537 to 1333 m2g−1 and 0.242 to 0.671 cm3g−1 respectively after nitrogen doping and activation. SEM and XRD analysis of the samples revealed highly porous amorphous nanostructures with denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways for the activated nitrogen-doped carbon. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms on the Surf. and within the carbon matrix where improvement in wettability with the drop in the contact angle from 123° to 80° was witnessed after oxygen and nitrogen doping. A steady drop in the equivalent series (RS) and charge transfer (RCT) resistances was observed by electrochemical measurements after the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen heteroatoms. The highest specific capacitance of 289 Fg−1 with the lowest values of 0.11 Ω and 0.02 Ω for RS and RCT was achieved for nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped activated carbon in line with its improved Surf. chemistry and wettability, and its enhanced conductivity due to denser inter-particle cross-linked pathways.

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“…The surface areas and pore size distributions of AC and Fe@C composites were investigated by Ar adsorption isotherms at 87 K. As shown in Figure 3 a, all samples display a combined Ι/IV isotherm [ 15 , 35 , 37 , 42 , 49 , 52 , 53 ]. Specifically, the rapid increase in isotherms in the low-pressure region is a typical characteristic of a micro-porous structure [ 54 ]. The adsorption/desorption isotherms in the high-pressure region exhibit a non-obvious platform and the type H4 hysteresis loops, indicating the presence of meso-pores [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fe Impurities on Self-Discharge Performance of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

Mao

Chen

2021

Materials

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Activated carbon is widely used as an electrode material in supercapacitors due to its superior electrochemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity, and environmental friendliness. In this study, the self-discharge mechanisms of activated carbon electrodes loaded with different contents of Fe impurities (Fe and Fe3O4) were analyzed by multi-stage fitting to explore the tunability of self-discharge. It is was found that a small quantity of Fe impurities on carbon materials improves the self-discharge performance dominated by redox reaction, by adjusting the surface state and pore structure of carbon materials. As the content of Fe impurities increases, the voltage loss of activated carbon with the Fe impurity concentrations of 1.12 wt.% (AF-1.12) decreases by 37.9% of the original, which is attributable to the reduce of ohmic leakage and diffusion, and the increase in Faradic redox at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In summary, self-discharge performance of carbon-based supercapacitors can be adjusted via the surface state and pour structure, which provides insights for the future design of energy storage.

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Effect of the oxygen functional groups of activated carbon on its electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

Cited by 129 publications

References 48 publications

Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications

Pseudocapacitive Effect of Carbons Doped with Different Functional Groups as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors

Effects of Fe Impurities on Self-Discharge Performance of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

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