Effect of the multi-functional epoxides on the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactide blends

Wu, De Pei; Guo, Yilin; Huang, Anping; Xu, Renwei; Liu, P.

doi:10.1007/s00289-020-03379-x

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Among the family of chain extenders, the chemicals bearing epoxy functionalities have gained much more attention compared to other classes of reagents and have been mostly used [ 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ]. In fact, as discussed in detail below, by operating in the melt the epoxy group can easily react with the carboxylic and hydroxyl end groups of polyesters, generating in situ copolymers with different structure/architecture which act as compatibilizers at the interface.…”

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a very general trend the use of these chain extenders improves the melt strength, thermal stability and mechanical features of the blends, passing from an island-and-sea morphology to a somewhat co-continuous phase for appropriate polyester ratios. The use of extenders results in a significant improvement in toughness up to super toughened blends [ 108 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ].…”

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA and PBAT (or PBSA) were combined by Joncryl forming the effective double/graft copolymers PLA-PBAT or PLA-PBSA with different architecture depending on content and number of epoxy functionalities [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ]. The in situ copolymers formed at the interface are responsible for the enhanced compatibility between the two phases; PLA-PLA homojunctions (as well as PBAT-PBAT and PBSA-PBSA) minimize the degradation effects onto the thermomechanical features of the blends and have a significant effect on both deformation mechanism and break-up conditions owing to viscosity changes.…”

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agreement with such results concerning the morphological behavior, the addition of Joncryl improved the mechanical properties: the elongation at break increased from 23.5% to 410.3% and the notched Izod impact strength from 7.5 to 33.4 KJ/m 2 by increasing the content of Joncryl. The chain extender with higher content of epoxy functionality produced the higher increase in M w and more effective tensile properties [ 114 ]. In addition, the thermal stability of the blends was improved owing to partial cross-linking and formation of heterogeneous nucleation causing, in some cases, a decrease in oxygen and water vapor permeability [ 109 ].…”

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.

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Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pla/pbat and Pla/pbsa Blends: Preparation And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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“…Chain extenders under the trade name Joncryl have been successfully used to improve the compatibility of polymer blends with PLA, such as PLLA/PDLA or poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(lactide) (PBAT/PLA), resulting in better mechanical and thermal properties [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Epoxide chain extenders have also been able to improve the layer-to-layer adhesion strength of 3D-printed PLA layers [ 23 ] and impart printability in some polymer blends (PLA/polyamide 11) [ 7 , 24 ], PBAT/PLA [ 25 , 26 ], as well as PLA-based composites [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Reactive Chain Extension on the Properties of 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid) Constructs

et al. 2021

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is currently the most popular 3D printing method, where thermoplastic polymers are predominantly used. Among them, the biobased poly(lactic acid) (PLA) governs the FDM filament market, with demand higher than supply, since not all grades of PLA are suitable for FDM filament production. In this work, the effect of a food grade chain extender (Joncryl ADR® 4400) on the physicochemical properties and printability of PLA marketed for injection molding was examined. All samples were characterized in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties. The microstructure of the filaments and 3D-printed fractured surfaces following tensile testing were examined with optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Molecular weight and complex viscosity increased, while the melt flow index decreased after the incorporation of Joncryl, which resulted in filaments of improved quality and 3D-printed constructs with enhanced mechanical properties. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed that the bulk properties of PLA with respect to molecular mobility, both local and segmental, were, interestingly, not affected by the modifier. Indirectly, this may suggest that the major effects of the extender are on chain length, without inducing chain branching, at least not to a significant extent.

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Eliminating the thermal degradation of polylactic acid by the modification of a macromolecular epoxy‐type chain extender

Duan,

Zhu,

Fan

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel macromolecular epoxy chain extender was synthesized and used to modify the PLA resin for developing conventional melt extrusion technology. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) characterized the successful synthesis. For the first time, the molecular weight plays a key role in preventing thermal degradation and chain extension were discussed experimentally. Macromolecular chain extender showed superior advantages in that the chain extender with higher molecular weight was easier to get the long chain branched (LCB) structure in the modification of PLA. The characterization by rotational rheometer, GPC, melt index, chemical titration, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), results demonstrate that the macromolecular epoxy chain extender could decrease the concentration of terminal carboxyl groups and increase with only 0.5% dosage. At a concentration ≥2%, there were a large number of long chain branched structures in the chain extension system for modified PLA. It showed better melt strength and would influence the crystallinity of PLA which would significantly improve the processability of PLA, especially in high‐temperature extrusion, blow molding, spinning, and other processing technologies and applications.

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Effect of the multi-functional epoxides on the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactide blends

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites

Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites

Influence of Reactive Chain Extension on the Properties of 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid) Constructs

Eliminating the thermal degradation of polylactic acid by the modification of a macromolecular epoxy‐type chain extender

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