Effect of the Membrane Composition of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles on Their Budding Probability: A Trade-Off between Elasticity and Preferred Area Difference

Miele, Ylenia; Holló, Gábor; Lagzi, István; Rossi, Federico

doi:10.3390/life11070634

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For a protocell, however, growth and division are energy-controlled processes, [212,213] where the membrane composition is also important. [214] In a thought experiment, if a spherical protocell grew by incorporation of new membrane material, its surfaceto-volume ratio would decrease. This is not possible in the physical world, since the lipid membrane has low water permeability and the volume cannot increase proportionally.…”

Section: Protocell Growth and Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Gözen

Köksal

Põldsalu

et al. 2022

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to assemble astonishing pieces of a complicated puzzle, and realized that further advancement requires input from multiple branches of science, not just biology as the primary life science. Detailed hypotheses have been established about the different scenarios of the emergence of life, including the "RNA world," [1] the "lipid world," [2] "replicator first," [3] "metabolism first," [4][5][6] and others. Although the origin of life is still surrounded by many open questions, our understanding of chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical processes possibly involved in the ancient events preceding Darwinian evolution has seen much progress. We have come a long way from Leduc's physicochemical, inorganic matter-centered view on the beginning of the evolution, yet the matter of the transition from nonliving to living matter still remains largely unsolved, and one of the great scientific problems of our time.The phylogenetic tree of different living domains reflects that life has evolved from simple to more complex structures, i.e., from single-to multicellular organisms. The oldest fossil evidence dating back 3.5 Gy (billion years) comes from stromatolites, [7][8][9][10] microorganismal residues in sedimentary rocks. [11] There appears to be a gap of knowledge regarding the period of evolution between the first primitive hypothetical cells and the fossilized ancient bacteria, which can be considered as an already advanced form of life. [12] It is highly likely that intermediate primitive cell precursors preceded the single-cell organisms. The hypothetical prebiotic structures that were the stepping stone to first self-sustaining living cells are commonly termed "protocells." The possibility of a strong link between the formation of protocells and the origin of life can today be reasonably assumed.One cannot easily proceed in the context of the evolution of cell-based organisms without briefly illuminating the concept of life as we know it on our planet. Over time, different requirements have been proposed for an entity to be considered alive. According to Tibor Ganti's chemoton model, [13] a protocell contains three autocatalytic subsystems: a membrane subsystem that keeps the components together and intact, a metabolic subsystem that captures energy and material resources, and an information subsystem that processes and transfers heritable information to progeny. To be considered alive, these subsystems must be unified and function co-operatively for the survival and evolution of the supersystem. Pohorille and Deamer suggested a modified set of 7 criteria related to the chemoton. [14] At about the same time, Oro defined the requirements by 10 characteristic features. [15] Despite their differences, these descriptions align well with NASA's broader definition of life: "a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution."The origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, ga...

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Section: Protocell Growth and Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Gözen

Köksal

Põldsalu

et al. 2022

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“…In their follow-up work they show they have control over this reaction and can reverse the initial deformation. 120 Not only enzymes can influence the membrane of liposomes, but also membranebound proteins can have an effect. Steinkühler et al showed that low densities of a membrane-bound protein can induce a curvature and this can generate strains on the membrane that lead to division (Figure 9f).…”

Section: Internally Driven Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, replication and division enable evolution of coacervate protocells

Slootbeek¹,

Haren²,

Smokers³

et al. 2022

Chem. Commun.

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“…Interestingly, the pH increase must be accompanied by an osmotic shock (acting at the same time) to lead the vesicles to a successful budding. The higher pH inside the GUVs lumen causes oleic acid molecules to deprotonate and leave the membrane (an increase in the tension between leaflets), while the osmotic pressure deflates the vesicle (a decrease in the inner volume); the combined action of the two stimuli forces the spherical vesicles towards different equilibrium shapes until budding and/or division take place [ 104 , 105 ]. The influence of the surface-to-volume ratio on the shape of the GVs will be further detailed in the next section.…”

Section: Chemical Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reduced parameters can be determined in dynamic simulations as a function of time as well. For example, after a chemical stimulus, the concentration inside the vesicle can be calculated based on kinetic reaction equations, and the reduced volume and reduced area can be determined from the osmotic stress and the number of lipids in the leaflets, as, for example, was achieved for pH-induced deformations [ 99 , 102 , 104 , 105 ]. In other words, from the initial concentrations, the equilibrium shape can be determined at any time.…”

Section: Modelling and Theoretical Description Of Equilibrium Shapes ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Deformation, Budding and Division of Giant Vesicles and Artificial Cells: A Review

Miele

Holló

Lagzi

et al. 2022

Life

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The understanding of the shape-change dynamics leading to the budding and division of artificial cells has gained much attention in the past few decades due to an increased interest in designing stimuli-responsive synthetic systems and minimal models of biological self-reproduction. In this respect, membranes and their composition play a fundamental role in many aspects related to the stability of the vesicles: permeability, elasticity, rigidity, tunability and response to external changes. In this review, we summarise recent experimental and theoretical work dealing with shape deformation and division of (giant) vesicles made of phospholipids and/or fatty acids membranes. Following a classic approach, we divide the strategies used to destabilise the membranes into two different types, physical (osmotic stress, temperature and light) and chemical (addition of amphiphiles, the addition of reactive molecules and pH changes) even though they often act in synergy when leading to a complete division process. Finally, we review the most important theoretical methods employed to describe the equilibrium shapes of giant vesicles and how they provide ways to explain and control the morphological changes leading from one equilibrium structure to another.

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Effect of the Membrane Composition of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles on Their Budding Probability: A Trade-Off between Elasticity and Preferred Area Difference

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Growth, replication and division enable evolution of coacervate protocells

Shape Deformation, Budding and Division of Giant Vesicles and Artificial Cells: A Review

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