Effect of the juvenile hormone agonist pyriproxyfen on larval and pupal development of the citrus swallowtail Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Withania somnifera acts as a potential insect growth regulator in the polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini

“…The formation of larval-pupal, pupal-adult and larval-pupal-adult mosaics/chimeras as a consequence of treatment of the last instar larvae of P. ricini is similar to that produced as a result of treatment of larval instars of lepidopteran insects with IGRs such as lufenuron on H. armigera (Butter et al 2003) or juvenile hormone analogues ZR-619-ethyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl (2E, 4E-dodecadienethiolate) on Epiphyas postvittana (Singh and Dugdale 1979), pyriproxyfen on Papilio demoleus (Singh and Kumar 2011b) and pyriproxyfen and diofenolan on S. litura (Singh and Kumar 2015). Production of such intermediate forms or chimeras have also been observed in larval instars of lepidopteran insects treated with plant extracts (Nathala and Dhingra 2006;Nathan and Sehoon 2006;Baskar et al 2012).…”

“…All the specimens with morphological deformities were fixed in Bouin's fluid for 24 h and then the specimens were washed three times with 70% ethyl alcohol to remove Bouin's fluid from the specimens and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol for morphological studies (Singh and Kumar 2011b).…”

Effects of juvenoid Pyriproxyfen on reproduction and F1 progeny in myiasis causing flesh fly Sarcophaga ruficornis L. (Sarcophagidae: Diptera)

“…Larval mortality was observed both in first and second instar stage of the treated groups in a dosedependent manner showing the sensitivity of the young larvae to pyriproxyfen. Larvicidal properties of pyriproxyfen is well documented in literature against a wide range of pests including mosquitoes and citrus butterfly (Invest and Lucas 2008;Alejandro et al 2009;Boina et al 2009;Mojaver and Bandani 2010;Singh and Kumar 2011;Emilia et al 2014).…”

A comparative bioefficacy of seed and root extracts of a medicinal plant, Withania somnifera when administered to prepupae of lepidopteran insects, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

“…The insects suffering from ecdysial stasis were unable to cast off old larval cuticle that was found all over the body resulting into complete ecdysial stasis or remained attached to different parts of the pupal body showing partial ecdysial stasis. These effects have also been observed as a result of administration of IGRs (lufenuron and diflubenzuron) to fifth instar larvae of H. armigera (Butter, Singh, & Dhawan, 2003;Unsal, Ozparlak, & Aktumsek, 2004) and JHAs (diofenolan and pyriproxyfen) to last instar larvae of Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and S. litura (Singh & Kumar, 2011a, 2011b, 2015a. In the last larval stadium of holometabolous insects, the JH titer is high during the initial phase of final stadium but subsequently it declines to undetectable levels.…”

“…For instance, ethyl 11-chloro-3,7,11-trimethyldodec-2-trans-enoate application caused the development of larval-pupal and pupal-adult intermediates in Tortrix viridana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Novak & Sehnal, 1973); methoprene caused formation of pupal-adult intermediates in S. littoralis (Kocak & Kilincer, 1997); pyriproxyfen and diofenolan caused production of larval-pupal intermediates in S. litura (Singh & Kumar, 2015a). The formation of intermediates/chimeras having larval, pupal, and adult characteristics as a result of administration of seed and root extracts of W. somnifera to P. ricini have also been observed with IGR (Gaur & Kumar, 2017b) and JHAs like diofenolan and pyriproxyfen (Singh & Kumar, 2011a, 2011b. It has been suggested that the phytochemicals/secondary metabolites of plants act as JH mimics (Bede & Tobe, 2000) and are responsible for interference with the normal hormonal coordination of the metabolic processes of the developing stages (Sakthivadivel & Thilagavathy, 2003).…”