Effect of the grain size on the electrochromic properties of NiO films

Jin, Shiqi; Wen, Shangsheng; Li, Muyun; Zhong, Huien; Chen, Yanwei; Wang, Haogang

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110280

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…NiOOH + H + + e -↔ Ni(OH) 2 (7) When there is a reversal between the colored state and the bleached state, NiO is gradually converted to Ni(OH)2, which causes the films to have more hydration and less area for reaction. After that, the films are degraded [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to change the optical properties depends on the type of metal oxide material used as the electrochromic layer. The popular materials include WO3 [2][3][4], MoO3 [5], and NiO [6][7][8]. Among these materials, NiO is an attractive material due to its low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters also affect the morphology, thickness, optical and electrochromic properties of NiO film. NiO films can be prepared easily and in a variety of methods, such as sol-gel [18,21], electrodeposition [7,14], electron beam [8], sputtering [23][24], and chemical bath deposition (CBD) [21][22]. Of all the methods mentioned, the preparation with the CBD method has received a lot of attention because it allows preparation in a large area, at low temperatures, and at low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

et al. 2022

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In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different nickel sulfate (NiSO4) concentrations. The NiO films were verified for their structural properties with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the optical properties were investigated using a spectrophotometer. Moreover, the NiO films were studied to assess their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry in potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. The results showed that annealed NiO films exhibited the dominant crystal structure of the (111) plane. Meanwhile, the NiSO4 concentration controlled morphological structure between dense and porous structures. The porous structure of NiO film was produced with the NiSO4 concentration in the range of 0.2 M to 1.0 M and the most porous structure was NiSO4 concentration at 0.8 M with a porosity of 64.56%. The optical contrast was calculated between bleached and colored states which were obtained at a maximum of 51.39% for NiO films at 0.8 NiSO4 concentration. Morphological effects and electrochromic properties were highly consistent. Analysis of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) results revealed that the cyclic stability for the highly porous structure of NiO films was more deteriorating than the less porous films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

et al. 2022

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“…NiO is known to be a nontoxic material, especially compared to other transition semiconductors [ 3 ]. Due to these unique properties, NiO x thin films become multipurpose materials in various applications such as electrochromic (EC) applications [ 4 ]. NiO manifests high optical contrast, fast switching times, good cycling, and anodic coloration, which is very promising for a counter electrode layer in complementary EC devices [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], supercapacitors [ 8 ], as a hole transport layer of perovskite solar cells [ 9 ], highly sensitive gas sensors [ 2 ], transparent conducting oxides, spin-valve giant magnetoresistive sensors, chemical sensor applications, Schottky diodes, and metal oxide field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Oxide Films Deposited by Sol-Gel Method: Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties

et al. 2022

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In our study, transparent and conductive films of NiOx were successfully deposited by sol-gel technology. NiOx films were obtained by spin coating on glass and Si substrates. The vibrational, optical, and electrical properties were studied as a function of the annealing temperatures from 200 to 500 °C. X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy revealed that NiO was formed at the annealing temperature of 400 °C and showed the presence of Ni+ states. The optical transparency of the films reached 90% in the visible range for 200 °C treated samples, and it was reduced to 76–78% after high-temperature annealing at 500 °C. The optical band gap of NiOx films was decreased with thermal treatments and the values were in the range of 3.92–3.68 eV. NiOx thin films have good p-type electrical conductivity with a specific resistivity of about 4.8 × 10−3 Ω·cm. This makes these layers suitable for use as wideband semiconductors and as a hole transport layer (HTL) in transparent solar cells.

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“…Cathodic electrochromic materials include WO 3 , MoO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , and their derivatives or mixtures. In addition, other materials, including NiO, IrO 2 , V 2 O 5 , and Prussian blue analogs, are also used as anodic electrochromic materials [10,11]. Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) is the most widely studied and used electrochromic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of an Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate-Iron (II) Chloride Electrochromic Liquid

Kong

Zhang

et al. 2022

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Even though electrochromism has been around for more than 50 years, it still has several issues. Multi-layered films, high manufacturing costs, and a short lifetime are present in existing electrochromic devices. We demonstrate a unique high-performance device with a basic structure and no solid electrochromic sheets in this work. In this device, the electrolyte layer is also avoided. The device uses an electrochromic solution prepared from a mixture of ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride solution as a functional layer with reversible redox properties. The tungstate ions on the electrode surface are reduced when the device is colored, and the Fe2+ on the electrode surface is oxidized on another electrode surface. The generated Fe3+ in the mixed functional layer oxidizes the previously reduced tungstate ions as the device fades. We determined the ΔT (transmittance modulation) and response time among ammonium metatungstate ratios, iron (II) chloride ratios, and driven current density using DOE (design of experiment) trials. Using 0.175 mol/L ammonium metatungstate and 0.30 mol/L iron (II) chloride, a device with outstanding ΔT (more than 57% at 700 nm), a short response time (less than 10 s), and high coloring efficiency (160.04 cm2/C at 700 nm) is demonstrated.

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Effect of the grain size on the electrochromic properties of NiO films

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Morphology and electrochromic property of chemical bath deposited NiO films at different NiSO4 concentration

Nickel Oxide Films Deposited by Sol-Gel Method: Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties

Investigation of an Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate-Iron (II) Chloride Electrochromic Liquid

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