Effect of the deacetylation degree on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acemannan from Aloe vera

Salah, Fatma; Ghoul, Yassine El; Mahdhi, Abdelkarim; Majdoub, Hatem; Jarroux, Nathalie; Sakli, Faouzi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.03.031

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Bacilli, were particularly susceptible to the antibacterial effect, which has been demonstrated in Bacillus cereus (Pellizzoni et al, 2012), Bacillus subtilis (G Yebpella et al, 2011), Bacillus megaterium (Subramanian et al, 2006), Bacillus sphericus, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Other susceptible Grampositive microbes include, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus (Alemdar and Agaoglu, 2009), Staphylococcus aureus (Salah et al, 2017), Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (Banu et al, 2012), Staphylcoccus epidermidis (Garcia-Orue et al, 2017), and Streptococcus pyogenes (Nejatzadeh-Barandozi, 2013). Meanwhile, Gram-negative microbes that are susceptible include: Escherichia coli (Salah et al, 2017), Salmonella typhi (Lawrence et al, 2009), Salmonella parathypi (Lorenzetti et al, 1964), Shigella flexneri (Ferro et al, 2003), Alcaligenes faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Citrobacter fruendii, Serratia marescens, Enterobacter aerogenes (Cock, 2008), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis (Dahiya and Purkayastha, 2012), Proteus vulgaris, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Subramanian et al, 2006), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Cock, 2008), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Salah et al, 2017), and Vibrio cholera (Mehrotra and rivastava, 2010).…”

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthraquinones, aloin (Pellizzoni et al, 2012) and aloe-emodin, and chromones, aloeresin D and isoaloeresin D (Cock, 2008) are among the active constituents responsible for the antimicrobial effect. Acemannan, a major polysaccharide found in A. vera gel has also demonstrated such an effect (Salah et al, 2017). Meanwhile, pyrocatechol and cinnamic acid which are phenolic compounds, pcoumaric acid, and ascorbic acid have been suggested as active antibacterial compounds (Lawrence et al, 2009).…”

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6. Some purposed antibacterial active compounds of A. vera on the Anthraquinones (Pellizzoni et al, 2012), Chromones (Cock, 2008), Carbohydrate (Salah et al, 2017) and Miscellaneous (Lawrence et al, 2009) CONCLUSION There is promising preliminary evidence to support the use of A. vera that exhibits impressive functions in the areas of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antibacterial. The antidiabetic effect extends to the early stages of the disease with no presence of side effects at the dosages used.…”

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmaceutical applications of Aloe vera

Heng

Zulfakar

2018

Indonesian J. Pharm.

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Aloe vera has been used as folk medicine for a host of therapeutic indications of which the inner gel is the component extensively used and studied. Proponents of the use of this plant suggest that it is easily available, economical, and have fewer side effects compared to commercial drug compounds. However, the active constituents and their exact mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. This review focuses on the identification of the active constituents and their functional mechanism in the areas of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antibacterial. Preliminary evidence was found to support the antidiabetic effect which extended to the early stages of the disease with no adverse effects at the dosages used. Although topical application for its anti-inflammatory effect may be delayed and minute, oral administration has shown a significant response. However, too high a dose has been linked with an initial inflammatory reaction. Favorable response to the gel has also been demonstrated to support the use of A. vera in wound-healing and as an antibacterial agent, although limited to simple, uncomplicated wounds. Different active constituents such as acemannan and aloin have been suggested for the effects of the plant and this may be interpreted as synergism among different compounds rather than the action of a single compound. Until robust evidence is available, the plant should only be used as an adjunct to other wellestablished evidence-based treatment modalities.

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Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmaceutical applications of Aloe vera

Heng

Zulfakar

2018

Indonesian J. Pharm.

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“…The Aloe active ingredient acemannan having immense therapeutic potential and applications has been subjected to various, isolation, separation and purification studies (Acemannan Review by Sierra-Garcia et al, 2014). Assays of acemannan were developed and purified through various chromatographic techniques including HPLC (Okamura et al, 1996, Talmadge et al, 2004Chandran et al, 2017), gel permeation chromatography (McAnalley, 1993; Femenia et al, 1999;Choche, et al, 2014) and size exclusion chromatography (Turner et al, 2004;Alonso et al, 2012;Salah et al, 2017). Earlier studies have shown that acemannan is not steady under various conditions utilized in the manufacturing process including acid, heat, enzymes discharged from cells while processing (Femenia and Garcia, 2003; Minjares-Fuentes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Acemannan Isolation and Purification Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Production of Aloe Mannan Using Plant Biotechnology

Badar¹

2017

IJBB

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Plant tissue culture is a promising technology, especially for the multiplication and production of novel and improved plants species and for an increased biosynthesis of products of industrial and medicinal value from vegetative resource. The development of a callus route was availed to investigate the in vitro plants for enhanced production of the bioactive polysaccharide acemannan in Aloe barbadensis plants. 8 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP with four different carbon sources (sucrose, mannose, glucose and galactose) and five concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%) and kept in dark conditions for 1 month. The production media and light conditions played a vital role to increase the acemannan levels in stress conditions. The investigation revealed quite interesting results as the acemannan yield increases several fold in the in vitro regenerated callus cultures and Aloe barbadensis plant extracts analyzed for acemannan content by HPLC. Cultures incubated in media having 3 % mannose sugar produced the highest concentration of acemannan i.e 0.95 mg/mL, which revealed a remarkable enhancement of acemannan production as compared to the in vivo production in Aloe vera plant in soil conditions giving yield of 0.43 mg/mL acemannan. Cultures in media having 3% sucrose only increased 2% production of this compound in vitro giving 0.44 mg/mL yield. On the contrary, when glucose and galactose were added in the culture media the yield of acemannan was suppressed in all the tested concentrations.Aloe Barbadensis, Acemannan, Carbohydrates, HPLC Keywords:Aloe vera leaves are made up of a thick epidermal layer which surrounds the mesophyll tissues, which are differentiated into thinwalled parenchyma cells and collenchyma cells. The inner parenchyma is composed of parenchymatous tissues which comprises of 0.5% solid matter and 99% water. In 1999, Femina and co-workers observed that polysaccharides constitute the major portion of the Aloe vera parenchyma having two main kinds of polymers: a storage polysaccharide "acemannan" was located in the protoplasts of cells and a broad range of polysaccharides formed matrix of the cell wall. Aloe vera gel is obtained from the leaf by the process of filleting then subjected to homogenization, alcohol extraction to yield a complex high molecular weight carbohydrate. In the early 1980's, an acetylated polymannose, acemannan, was identified as an active component of Aloe vera gel (Johnson et al., 1989). This carbohydrate was commercially designated as acemannan by the United States (US. Patent WO/1993/008810). According to the literature reports, significant seasonal and cultivar variations affect the quantities of mannose residues in the storage polysaccharide within the parenchymal cells, leading to huge fluctuations in the polysaccharide composition of A. vera fillet (Femenia et al., 1999). A wide range of in vivo and in vitro immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Aloe vera plant gel have been documented (Kardosava, 2006;Akaberi et al., 2016). Acemannan is considered ...

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“…Among the chemical components of the exudate are aloin, emodin, aloe-emodin, barbaloin, isobarbaloin and chrysophanic acid. These compounds have been shown to possess antibacterial, fungicidal, diuretic, laxative, antiviral, hepatoprotective and vasorelaxant activities (Salah et al, 2017;Drudi et al, 2018). The gel is highly rich in polysaccharides which are responsible of the immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory properties of the gel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%