Effect of the Alkaloid (–)-Cathinone on the Release of Radioactivity from Rat Striatal Tissue Prelabelled with &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-Serotonin

Kalix, Peter

doi:10.1159/000118124

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is worth noting that certain structural modifications of synthetic AMPH can lead to increased SE activity (Rothman et al, 2001). Work on CATH has also demonstrated similar findings (Kalix, 1984; Nielsen, 1985; Rothman et al, 2003), suggesting that CATH’s effect on increasing synaptic SE availability is present but very weak. In addition, there exist a large body of evidence suggesting that activation of the SE system actually dampens the various stimulatory effects of AMPH and its analogs (Baumann et al, 2011; Breese et al, 1974; Hollister et al, 1976).…”

Section: Amphetamine and Cathinone: Structural And Neurophysiologimentioning

confidence: 58%

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Lemieux

Al’Absi

2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance To understand the role of khat (Catha edulis) use on the aberrations in appetite and weight which are common comorbidities for khat and other amphetamine users. Materials and methods We provide a comprehensive overview and conceptual summary of the historical cultural use of khat as a natural stimulant and describe the similarities and differences between cathinone (the main psychoactive constituent of khat) and amphetamine highlighting the limited literature on the neurophysiology of appetite and subsequent weight effects of khat. Results Animal and some human studies indicate that khat produces appetite suppression, although little is known about mechanisms of this effect. Both direct and indirect effects of khat stem from multiple factors including behavioral, chemical and neurophysiological effects on appetite and metabolism. Classic and newly identified appetite hormones have not been explored sufficiently in the study of appetite and khat use. Unique methodological challenges and opportunities are encountered when examining effects of khat and cathinone including khat-specific medical comorbidities, unique route of administration, differential patterns of behavioral effects relative to amphetamines and the nascent state of our understanding of the neurobiology of this drug. Conclusion A considerable amount of work remains in the study of the appetite effects of khat chewing and outline a program of research that could inform our understanding of this natural amphetamine’s appetite effects and help prepare health care workers for the unique health effects of this drug.

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Section: Amphetamine and Cathinone: Structural And Neurophysiologimentioning

confidence: 58%

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Lemieux

Al’Absi

2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Indeed, anecdotal reports are consistent in describing the main psychological effects of khat as euphoria, elation, logorrhea, and an alleged increase in concentration, with a consequent improvement in socialization (Halbach, 1972;Kalix, 1984). Reduced fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, and increased libido are also often experienced.…”

Section: Central Nervous System Effects and Dependencementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The acute effects of cathamines (cathinone and cathine) on neurotransmission are basically comparable to those induced by amphetamine: these compounds act by increasing dopamine (DA; Kalix, 1980), serotonin (5-HT; Kalix, 1984), and noradrenaline (NA; Kalix and Braenden, 1985) release. Indeed, similarly to amphetamine, cathinone inhibits the activity of DA, NA, and 5-HT transporters, as observed at synaptic level in the striatum of rats treated with the alkaloid (Fleckenstein et al, 1999;Rothman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Central Neuronal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Graziani¹,

Milella²,

Nencini³

2008

Substance Use & Misuse

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Khat chewing is deeply rooted in the every day life of people living in the Horn of Africa and in South Arabia, where Catha edulis is endemic. Considered little more than an exotic habit producing just mild pharmacological effects, systematic investigations on its active principles have instead lead to the isolation and chemical characterization of cathinone, a compound structurally related to amphetamine. Three decades of intense experimental and clinical research on khat have depicted a consistently clear picture of its pharmacological and toxicological effects.

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“…In vitro studies, for instance, have shown that cathinone enhances the release of serotonin from the striatum [70,71] and can bind to serotonin receptors [72] . A study by Fleckenstein et al [73] demonstrated serotonin uptake inhibition by cathinone following single or multiple dosing.…”

Section: Khat and Monoaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat (<b><i>Catha edulis</i></b>) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies

et al. 2016

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Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant that is deeply rooted in the cultural life of East African and Southwestern Arabian populations. Prevalent traditional beliefs about khat are that the plant has an effect on appetite and body weight. Summary: This review assesses the accumulated evidences on the mutual influence of monoamines, hormones and neuropeptides that are linked to obesity. A few anti-obesity drugs that exert their mechanisms of action through monoamines are briefly discussed to support the notion of monoamines being a critical target of drug discovery for new anti-obesity drugs. Subsequently, the review provides a comprehensive overview of central dopamine and serotonin changes that are associated with the use of khat or its alkaloids. Then, all the studies on khat that describe physical, biochemical and hormonal changes are summarised and discussed in depth. Conclusion: The reviewed studies provide relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cathinone produces changes in terms of weight, fat mass, appetite, lipid biochemistry and hormonal levels. These changes are more pronounced at higher doses and long durations of intervention. The most suggested mechanism of these changes is the central action that produces changes in the physiology of dopamine and serotonin. Nonetheless, there are a number of variations in the study design, including species, doses and durations of intervention, which makes it difficult to arrive at a final conclusion about khat regarding obesity, and further studies are necessary in the future to overcome these limitations.

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Effect of the Alkaloid (–)-Cathinone on the Release of Radioactivity from Rat Striatal Tissue Prelabelled with <sup>3</sup>H-Serotonin

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Khat (<b><i>Catha edulis</i></b>) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies

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