Effect of the accommodation-vergence conflict on vergence eye movements

Vienne, Cyril; Sorin, Laurent; Bouchet, L.; Huynh-Thu, Quan; Mamassian, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2014.04.017

Cited by 59 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, while the latency of vergence eye movements was not significantly different between refractive groups, the time constant of the vergence response in myopic observers was significantly slower than in emmetropes. Our observations are consistent with Vienne et al (2014) who found that vergence responses were slower with conflicting disparity and blur cues, as well as with Semmlow and Wetzel (1979) who showed that binocular vergence movements are faster when disparity and blur are both available than when only disparity specifies a change in distance. Thus, slower vergence movements in myopes are consistent with the previous finding that myopes make less use of retinal defocus information (Cufflin et al, 2007; Rosenfield and Abraham-Cohen, 1999) and extends this observation from the perceptual to the oculomotor system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia

Maiello

Kerber

Thorn

et al. 2018

Experimental Eye Research

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The formation of focused and corresponding foveal images requires a close synergy between the accommodation and vergence systems. This linkage is usually decoupled in virtual reality systems and may be dysfunctional in people who are at risk of developing myopia. We study how refractive error affects vergence-accommodation interactions in stereoscopic displays. Vergence and accommodative responses were measured in 21 young healthy adults (n=9 myopes, 22-31 years) while subjects viewed naturalistic stimuli on a 3D display. In Step 1, vergence was driven behind the monitor using a blurred, non-accommodative, uncrossed disparity target. In Step 2, vergence and accommodation were driven back to the monitor plane using naturalistic images that contained structured depth and focus information from size, blur and/or disparity. In Step 1, both refractive groups converged towards the stereoscopic target depth plane, but the vergence-driven accommodative change was smaller in emmetropes than in myopes (F=5.13, p=0.036). In Step 2, there was little effect of peripheral depth cues on accommodation or vergence in either refractive group. However, vergence responses were significantly slower (F=4.55, p=0.046) and accommodation variability was higher (F=12.9, p=0.0019) in myopes. Vergence and accommodation responses are disrupted in virtual reality displays in both refractive groups. Accommodation responses are less stable in myopes, perhaps due to a lower sensitivity to dioptric blur. Such inaccuracies of accommodation may cause long-term blur on the retina, which has been associated with a failure of emmetropization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia

Maiello

Kerber

Thorn

et al. 2018

Experimental Eye Research

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“…However, in VR, the focal distance of all objects on the screen is constant, and the eyes must converge without changing accommodation to maintain a clear retinal image. Thus, wearing a VR HMD creates a dissociation between convergence and accommodative demands 1 , which may contribute to visual discomfort 2 – 4 . Whether the effects of this disassociation persist after HMD use is unknown 5 , but a study investigating the effect of an early VR HMD system found a shift towards esophoria, and an extended near point of binocular convergence shortly after a 10-minute VR exposure 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular effects of virtual reality headset wear in young adults

Turnbull

Phillips

2017

Sci Rep

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Virtual Reality (VR) headsets create immersion by displaying images on screens placed very close to the eyes, which are viewed through high powered lenses. Here we investigate whether this viewing arrangement alters the binocular status of the eyes, and whether it is likely to provide a stimulus for myopia development. We compared binocular status after 40-minute trials in indoor and outdoor environments, in both real and virtual worlds. We also measured the change in thickness of the ocular choroid, to assess the likely presence of signals for ocular growth and myopia development. We found that changes in binocular posture at distance and near, gaze stability, amplitude of accommodation and stereopsis were not different after exposure to each of the 4 environments. Thus, we found no evidence that the VR optical arrangement had an adverse effect on the binocular status of the eyes in the short term. Choroidal thickness did not change after either real world trial, but there was a significant thickening (≈10 microns) after each VR trial (p < 0.001). The choroidal thickening which we observed suggest that a VR headset may not be a myopiagenic stimulus, despite the very close viewing distances involved.

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“…One way to overcome this cross-dependence is to employ a cue conflict paradigm in which the vergence distance and the accommodation distance are set to different values. Using such a conflict paradigm, Vienne et al (2014) revealed that vergence was significantly affected by the absence of blur cues; responses were slower with longer latency. The authors also found that the accommodation-vergence conflict had more impact on divergence latency than convergence latency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Disparity-Driven) Accommodation Response Contributes to Perceived Depth

Vienne¹,

Plantier²,

Neveu³

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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When looking at objects at various distances in the physical space, the accommodation and vergence systems adjust their parameters to provide a single and clear vision of the world. Subtended muscle activity provides oculomotor cues that can contribute to the perception of depth and distance. While several studies have outlined the role of vergence in distance perception, little is known about the contribution of its concommitant accommodation component. It is possible to unravel the role of each of these physiological systems by placing observers in a situation where there is a conflict between accommodation and vergence distances. We thus sought to determine the contribution of each response system to perceived depth by simultaneously measuring vergence and accommodation while participants judged the depth of 3D stimuli. The distance conflict decreased depth constancy for stimulus displayed with negative disparity steps (divergence). Although vergence was unaffected by the stimulus distance, accommodation responses were significantly reduced when the stimulus was displayed with negative disparities. Our results show that biases in perceived depth follow undershoots in the disparity-driven accommodation response. These findings suggest that accommodation responses (i.e., from oculomotor information) can contribute to perceived depth.

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Effect of the accommodation-vergence conflict on vergence eye movements

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia

Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia

Ocular effects of virtual reality headset wear in young adults

(Disparity-Driven) Accommodation Response Contributes to Perceived Depth

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