Effect of Testosterone and Its Metabolites upon the Level of Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamus of the Hyperosmotically Stimulated Male Rat

O'Keefe, J A; Crowley, Rebecca S.; Hrivnak, Patti; Kim, Norma B.; Amico, Janet A.

doi:10.1159/000126862

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, it is not clear how widely this gonadal steroid-dependency is conserved across mammals. Also, in chronically hyperosmolar rats there is evidence that gonadal steroids may modulate Avp expression (Crowley and Amico, 1993;O'Keefe et al, 1995). There is also evidence for an interaction between gonadal steroids and Avp, as androgen receptors are found in non-magnocellular responsive neurons (Zhou et al, 1994), and estrogen receptor beta is expressed in Avp magnocellular neurons (Alves et al, 1998).…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Expression Of Vasopressin And Its Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

Caldwell

Lee

Macbeth

et al. 2008

Progress in Neurobiology

421

416

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Vasopressin (Avp) is mainly synthesized in the magnocellular cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) whose axons project to the posterior pituitary. Avp is then released into the blood stream upon appropriate stimulation (e.g., hemorrhage or dehydration) to act at the kidneys and blood vessels. The brain also contains several populations of smaller, parvocellular neurons whose projections remain within the brain. These populations are located within the PVN, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), medial amygdala (MeA) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).Since the 1950's, research examining the roles of Avp in the brain and periphery has intensified. The development of specific agonists and antagonists for Avp receptors has allowed for a better elucidation of its contributions to physiology and behavior. Anatomical, pharmacological and transgenic, including "knockout," animal studies, have implicated Avp in the regulation of various social behaviors across species.Avp plays a prominent role in the regulation of aggression, generally of facilitating or promoting it. Affiliation and certain aspects of pair-bonding are also influenced by Avp. Memory, one of the first brain functions of Avp that was investigated, has been implicated especially strongly in social recognition. The roles of Avp in stress, anxiety, and depressive states are areas of active exploration. In this review, we concentrate on the scientific progress that has been made on understanding the role of Avp in regulating of these and other behaviors across species, as well as discuss the implications for human behavior.

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Section: Sex Differences In the Expression Of Vasopressin And Its Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

Caldwell

Lee

Macbeth

et al. 2008

Progress in Neurobiology

421

416

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show abstract

“…Both estradiol and T have been shown to regulate AVP expression in the brain (22)(23)(24). In particular, estradiol is able to regulate AVP expression in the PVN of male mice (25), and it increases AVP plasma levels in ovariectomized female rats (22,26), whereas T regulates AVP expression in the SON (27) and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (28) of male rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estradiol and Testosterone Regulate Arginine-Vasopressin Expression in SH-SY5Y Human Female Neuroblastoma Cells Through Estrogen Receptors-α and -β

et al. 2013

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The expression of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is regulated by estradiol and testosterone (T) in different neuronal populations by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Estrogen receptors (ERs) have been shown to participate in the regulation of AVP neurons by estradiol. In addition, there is evidence of the participation of ERβ in the regulation of AVP expression exerted by T via its metabolite 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and its further conversion in the androgen metabolite and ERβ ligand 3β-diol. In this study we have explored the role of ERs in the regulation exerted by estradiol and T on AVP expression, using the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Estradiol treatment increased AVP mRNA levels in SH-SY5Y cells in comparison with cells treated with vehicle. The stimulatory effect of estradiol on AVP expression was imitated by the ERα agonist 4,4',4',-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol and blocked by the ER antagonist, ICI 182,780, and the ERα antagonist 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1hpyrazoledihydrochloride. In contrast, the ERβ agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile reduced AVP expression, whereas the ERβ antagonist 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol enhanced the action of estradiol on AVP expression. T increased AVP expression in SH-SY5Y cells by a mechanism that was dependent on aromatase but not on 5α-reductase activity. The T effect was not affected by blocking the androgen receptor, was not imitated by the T metabolite 5α-DHT, and was blocked by the ERα antagonist 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1hpyrazoledihydrochloride. In contrast, 5α-DHT had a similar effect as the ERβ agonists 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile and 3β-diol, reducing AVP expression. These findings suggest that estradiol and T regulate AVP expression in SH-SY5Y cells through ERs, exerting a stimulatory action via ERα and an inhibitory action via ERβ.

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“…Male and female gonadectomized rats fail to increase AVP mRNA levels during chronic salt loading compared to intact rats (17). The level of AVP was restored by treating male rats with testosterone (17) or dihydrotestosterone (22). However, when rats were studied under basal conditions without hyperosmolar challenge, levels of SON AVP mRNA in gonadectomized male or female rats were no different than in intact rats (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sequential Exposure to Estrogen and Testosterone (T) and Subsequent Withdrawal of T Increases the Level of Arginine Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of the Female Rat

Thomas

Kim

Amico

1996

J Neuroendocrinology

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The hypothalamic peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) have been implicated as mediators of socio-sexual behaviors in addition to their roles in osmolar homeostasis (AVP), milk ejection and uterine contractility (OT). Within 24 h of parturition, OT and AVP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels increase in the hypothalamic paraventricular, and to a lesser degree, the supraoptic nucleus (PVN and SON) of the rat. We previously reported that the prepartum increase in OT mRNA is related to the spontaneous decline in progesterone levels prior to parturition. We also reported that increases in PVN and SON OT mRNA can be induced by exposing the ovariectomized rat to a steroid regimen that mimics the steroid milieu of pregnancy, namely sequential estrogen and progesterone and subsequent progesterone withdrawal. Levels of PVN and SON AVP mRNAs were not affected by progesterone withdrawal in late pregnant rats or the steroid regimen that increased OT mRNA in ovariectomized rats. These observations suggest that other factors, perhaps hormonal, may influence AVP mRNA levels. A decline in testosterone coincident with waning progesterone levels also occurs prepartum. Since peak levels of AVP mRNA prepartum coincide with the prepartum decline in testosterone, we questioned whether declining testosterone levels are important for the increase in AVP mRNA levels. To examine a possible role for testosterone in the increased level of AVP mRNA in late pregnancy, we sequentially administered estradiol and testosterone long-term (2 weeks) and removed testosterone 48 h prior to sacrifice. This steroid regimen mimics the estrogen and testosterone pattern of late pregnancy in rats. AVP, but not OT, mRNA levels increased significantly in the PVN of ovariectomized rats receiving this steroid regimen. We also found that implantation of late pregnant rats with testosterone capsules to prevent the spontaneous prepartum decline in testosterone, attenuates the increase in PVN AVP, but not OT, mRNA on day 21 of pregnancy. The data show that sequential estrogen and testosterone and testosterone withdrawal increase the level of PVN AVP mRNA in the female rat.

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Effect of Testosterone and Its Metabolites upon the Level of Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamus of the Hyperosmotically Stimulated Male Rat

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

Vasopressin: Behavioral roles of an “original” neuropeptide

Estradiol and Testosterone Regulate Arginine-Vasopressin Expression in SH-SY5Y Human Female Neuroblastoma Cells Through Estrogen Receptors-α and -β

Sequential Exposure to Estrogen and Testosterone (T) and Subsequent Withdrawal of T Increases the Level of Arginine Vasopressin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of the Female Rat

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