Effect of temperature variation on internal friction in rocks

Abstract

The effect of temperature changes ranging from −200° to +600°C on the internal friction of several kinds of rocks was measured by Forster's method. Most, but not all, rocks showed what appeared to be a prominent loss peak near room temperature. This peak was associated with the presence of tiny quantities of moisture in the rock. If the rock was heated sufficiently and allowed to cool, the peak was reduced or eliminated.

Thermal cracking and amplitude dependent attenuation

“…For maximum temperatures between 400 ø and 500 ø the trend in Q reverses, and in two of the three cases, Q decreases substantially. These data qualitatively are similar to those reported by Todd et al [1972] and Kissell [1972], in which attenuation was measured in rocks at high ambient temperatures.…”

“…Outgassing of volatiles from mineral grains and crack contact surfaces. Outgassing of rocks due to exposure to high temperatures and hard vacuum (• 10 -7 torr) has been shown to be an effective mechanism for decreasing the attenuation [Titt- Kissell [1972] interpreted an increase in Q at high ambient temperatures (up to 600øC) to be in part due to a loss of moisture. One may possibly explain the thermal cycling data presented in this paper to be the result of two competing effects: outgassing, which decreases attenuation, and thermal cracking (discussed below), which might increase attenuation due to an increase in crack porosity and contacts.…”

Attenuation of Rock Salt: Ultrasonic Lab Analysis of Gulf of Mexico Coastal Samples

“…Commonly discussed thermal effects on natural rocks below the solidus include outgassing, thermal expansion and cracking, and grain boundary anelasticity, such as dilatancy and fluid‐assisted deformation (Heuze, 1983; Sato et al., 1989; Senseny et al., 1992; Siratovich et al., 2015; Urai & Spiers, 2007). Outgassing from sublimation or evaporation, which is unlikely in our experimental temperature range, is reported to increase Q , decreasing attenuation, due to moisture loss (Johnston & Toksöz, 1980a; Kissell, 1972). Thermal cracking, caused by differential thermal expansion, decreases Q (increases attenuation) (Brotons et al., 2013; Chaki et al., 2008).…”

The influence of thermal treatment on rock–bit interaction: a study of a combined thermo–mechanical drilling (CTMD) concept

“…We notice that, after thermally treating the material, the rock strength decreases by 35% and 45% in Rorschach sandstone and Grimsel granite, respectively. This behavior of the material, after the oven-thermal treatment, can be explained by the heatinduced cracks in the rock microstructure (Kissell 1972;Fredrich and Wong 1986;Yong and Wang 1980;Nasseri et al 2009;Tullis and Yund 1977;Wang et al 1989;Meredith et al 2001;Lin 2002;Freire-Lista et al 2016;Griffiths et al 2018;Rong et al 2018;Han et al 2019), caused by the differential thermal expansion of the quartz grains (Fredrich and Wong 1986;Glover et al 1995) and by mineralogical changes in the rock (Ranjith et al 2012;Xu et al 2017), occurring at high temperatures. Furthermore, the fast cooling of the samples after the thermal treatment is likely responsible for enhanced cracking of the specimens (Kim et al 2014;Shao et al 2014;Browning et al 2016;Wu et al 2019) due to thermal shocking (Fellner and Supancic 2002;Kumari et al 2017;Han et al 2019), which, in turn, contributes to reducing the physical and mechanical integrity of the rock (Shao et al 2014;Siratovich et al 2015;Rathnaweera et al 2018;Wu et al 2019).…”