Effect of temperature on the optical properties of<i>ex vivo</i>human dermis and subdermis

Laufer, Jan; Simpson, Rebecca; Kohl, Matthias; Essenpreis, Matthias; Cope, M

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/9/004

Cited by 91 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Comparisons of OTC methods may be valuable but are not easy because of differences in experimental setups and analysis methods [3,5,6,9,11,12,32,33,[37][38][39][40]. However, Izquierdo-Román et al reported that mechanical OTC methods are more effective about 2-3 fold than the chemical OTC method and achieve up to a 4-fold OTC increase [40], which is comparable to the 3.4-fold OTC increase of the combination OTC method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Yeo¹,

Kang²,

Bae³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been a valuable therapeutic technology in the clinic, its efficacy may be reduced in deep tissue layers due to strong light scattering which limits the photon density. In order to enhance the photon density in deep tissue layers, this study developed an optical tissue clearing (OTC) laser probe (OTCLP) system which can utilize four different OTC methods: 1) tissue temperature control from 40 to 10℃; 2) laser pulse frequency from 5 to 30 Hz; 3) glycerol injection at a local region; and 4) a combination of the aforementioned three methods. The efficacy of the OTC methods was evaluated and compared by investigating laser beam profiles in ex-vivo porcine skin samples. Results demonstrated that total (peak) intensity at full width at half maximum of laser beam profile when compared to control data was increased: 1) 1.21(1.39)-fold at 10℃; 2) 1.22 (1.49)-fold at a laser pulse frequency of 5 Hz; 3) 1.64 (2.41)-fold with 95% glycerol injection; 4) 1.86 (3.4)-fold with the combination method. In conclusion, the OTCLP system successfully improved the laser photon density in deep tissue layers and may be utilized as a useful tool in LLLT by increasing laser photon density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal methods are based on the mechanism of gel/liquidcrystalline phase transitions of all lipids in human subdermis [7,8], modifications of collagen fiber structure in human dermis [9], degradation of cellular components [10], and variation of the refractive index of intercellular fluid [11]. Khalil et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Yeo¹,

Kang²,

Bae³

et al. 2013

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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“…This may not be the case as during exposure, absorption of optical energy by chromophores may cause heating and mechanically modify some biological targets (for example, coagulation of blood vessels close to the surface) 36 , 37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of the optimum pulse structure for safe and effective photo epilation using broadband pulsed light

Ash

Donne

Daniel

et al. 2012

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The objective of this work is the investigation of intense pulsed light (IPL) photoepilation using Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the output dosimetry with millisecond exposure used by typical commercial IPL systems. The temporal pulse shape is an important parameter, which may affect the biological tissue response in terms of efficacy and adverse reactions. This study investigates the effect that IPL pulse structures, namely free discharge, square pulse, close, and spaced pulse stacking, has on hair removal. The relationship between radiant exposure distribution during the IPL pulse and chromophore heating is explored and modeled for hair follicles and the epidermis using a custom Monte Carlo computer simulation. Consistent square pulse and close pulse stacking delivery of radiant exposure across the IPL pulse is shown to generate the most efficient specific heating of the target chromophore, whilst sparing the epidermis, compared to free discharge and pulse stacking pulse delivery. Free discharge systems produced the highest epidermal temperature in the model. This study presents modeled thermal data of a hair follicle in situ, indicating that square pulse IPL technology may be the most efficient and the safest method for photoepilation. The investigation also suggests that the square pulse system design is the most efficient, as energy is not wasted during pulse exposure or lost through interpulse delay times of stacked pulses.PACS number: 87.10.Rt

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“…Also the shape and density of particles as well as environmental variables such as temperature typically influence scattering (Laufer et al, 1998). The spatial origin of µ s is not easy to specify.…”

Section: Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse Optical Imaging

Nissilä

Noponen

Heino

et al.

Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems

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Diffuse optical imaging is a functional medical imaging modality which takes advantage of the relatively low attenuation of near-infrared light to probe the internal optical properties of tissue. The optical properties are affected by parameters related to physiology such as the concentrations of oxy-and deoxyhemoglobin. Instrumentation that is used for optical imaging is generally able to measure changes in the attenuation of light at several wavelengths, and in the case of time-and frequency-domain instrumentation, the time-of-flight of the photons in tissue.Light propagation in tissue is generally dominated by scattering. Models for photon transport in tissue are generally based on either stochastic approaches or approximations derived from the radiative transfer equation. If a numerical forward model which describes the physical situation with sufficient accuracy exists, inversion methods may be used to determine the internal optical properties based on boundary measurements.Optical imaging has applications in, e.g., functional brain imaging, breast cancer detection, and muscle imaging. It has the important advantages of transportable instrumentation, relatively high tolerance for external electromagnetic interference, non-invasiveness, and applicability for neonatal studies. The methods are not yet in clinical use, and further research is needed to improve the reliability of the experimental techniques, and the accuracy of the models used. In this chapter, we describe the interaction between light and tissue, light propagation models and inversion methods used in optical tomography, and instrumentation and experimental techniques used in optical imaging. The main applications of optical imaging are described in detail, with results from recent literature.

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Effect of temperature on the optical properties ofex vivohuman dermis and subdermis

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Development of an Optical Tissue Clearing Laser Probe System

Mathematical modeling of the optimum pulse structure for safe and effective photo epilation using broadband pulsed light

Diffuse Optical Imaging

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