Effect of Temperature on the Expression of Classical Enterotoxin Genes among Staphylococci Associated with Bovine Mastitis

Homsombat, Theeyathart; Boonyayatra, Sukolrat; Awaiwanont, Nattakarn; Pichpol, Duangporn

doi:10.3390/pathogens10080975

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Enterotoxin C (Sec) gene was the only classical enterotoxin gene detected in CoNS species isolates in the present study. The nding was in agreement with the report of Homsombat et al [39], Banaszkiewicz et al [40], Nasaj et al [41] who reported a higher enterotoxin C (Sec)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci from Bovine Milk: Virulent gene detection, and Antibiogram Profiles

Getahun,

Abey,

Beyene

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species are an emerging cause of intramammary infection, posing a significant economic and public health threat. The cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and assess virulence factors and antibiogram profiles of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in 290 milk samples collected from February to August 2022. Species isolation and identification were performed by plate culturing and biochemical tests and single-plex PCR was used for the detection of virulent genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of each coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolate was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. Results Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were isolated in 28.6%, (83/290) of the samples. Of these, the S. epidermidis, S. sciuri, S. warneri, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, S. chromogens, S. cohnii, and S. captis species were isolated at the rates of 11, 5.2, 3.4, 3.1, 3.1, 1, 1, and 0.7% respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species carried 26.5, 22.1, 21.7, 9.6, 9.6 and 8.4% of the ica D, Pvl, Mec A, hlb, Sec, and hla virulent genes respectively. All the isolates showed a high percentage (100%) of resistance to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Cefotetan and 37.5% of resistance to Oxacillin. The majority (54.2%) of coagulase-negative isolates also showed multidrug resistance. Conclusion The present study revealed that coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolates were found carriage of one or more virulent and enterotoxin genes responsible for intramammary and food poisoning infections. The majority of the isolates (54.2%) were also found multidrug resistant. Thus, urgent disease control and prevention measures are warranted to reduce the deleterious impact of coagulase-negative species. This study is the first to document the detection of virulent and food poisoning genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species from milk in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci from Bovine Milk: Virulent gene detection, and Antibiogram Profiles

Getahun,

Abey,

Beyene

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Londrina, v. 43, n. 5, p. 2309-2322, set./out. 2022 milk processing and/or transportation can occur (Homsombat et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp., antimicrobial resistance profile, and presence of enterotoxin-producing genes in goat milk in Paraná State

Tanaka

Lira

Abreu

et al. 2022

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Goat milk presents interesting characteristics to consumers, but the production of this food faces several challenges that influence its quality. Process failures from milking to processing and commercialization can expose milk to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, including the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus group. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the most relevant species in mastitis and food poisoning, other species in this group are also important, especially those related to food poisoning. This study aimed to identify the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species in goat milk using biochemical tests, determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance using the disc diffusion test, and investigate enterotoxin-producing genes, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, and sei by multiplex PCR. A total of 384 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains obtained from raw goat milk collected from nine farms in Paraná during four seasons of the year were studied. Biochemical tests showed that 85.69% of the 384 strains were S. aureus, followed by 9.38% of S. intermedius, 4.17% of S. hyicus and 0.78% of S. delphini. For the antimicrobial resistance test, up to three strains of each species identified as coagulase-positive Staphylococci were chosen from each farm, with a total of 74 strains. Of these, 27% (20/74) showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, and among all penicillin-resistant strains, 45% (9/20) also presented resistance to tetracycline. In the search for staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing genes, 49 S. aureus strains were studied; among them, 40.81% (20/49) presented enterotoxin-producing genes. The highest prevalence was detected for the sec gene, which was present in 22.44% (11/49) of the strains, followed by the seh gene in 18.36% (9/49), and the see gene was detected in 4.08% (2/49). It was concluded that S. aureus was the predominant species in raw goat milk, with a high prevalence of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant Staphylococci and a significant number of strains with staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing genes. The strains studied carried enterotoxin-producing genes involved in food poisoning in humans, indicating that goat milk is a possible source of contamination and, therefore, a potential danger to public health.

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“…Many studies indicate that temperature and pH might also influence the expression of genes that code for the production of enterotoxins [ 36 , 37 ]. A study shows that the production of SEA can usually be detected at 10–45 °C and the yield of SEA increases with the increasing temperature [ 33 , 38 ]. A study indicated that the conditions for SEA production were pH of > 5.0 and aw of > 0.86 at temperatures of > 15 °C [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Ochratoxin A in Pasteurized Milk

Zhang

Song

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Pathogens and mycotoxins are serious public health risks for humans and food safety in milk. This study concentrated on detecting Staphylococcus aureus and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in 210 pasteurized milk from ten urban Beijing districts to suggest the co-occurrence of S. aureus with toxin-producing genes and OTA in milk and the possible risk. S. aureus was identified by physiological and biochemical experiments and molecular biology experiments, and enterotoxin genes were identified by PCR. OTA was detected by LC-MS/MS. The study found 29 isolates of S. aureus, of which 17.24% had the sea gene encoding enterotoxin A. OTA was detected in 31 out of 120 samples and the maximum amount of detection was 18.8 μg/kg. The results of this study indicate that when failing to guarantee the cold chain, the presence of S. aureus with enterotoxin genes in milk will present a risk to food safety. Furthermore, the high detection rates and levels of OTA in milk suggest that OTA is a hidden risk. The co-occurrence of S. aureus and OTA in milk is a food safety concern and there is a need to control the occurrence of these two biohazards in milk.

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Effect of Temperature on the Expression of Classical Enterotoxin Genes among Staphylococci Associated with Bovine Mastitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci from Bovine Milk: Virulent gene detection, and Antibiogram Profiles

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci from Bovine Milk: Virulent gene detection, and Antibiogram Profiles

Characterization of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp., antimicrobial resistance profile, and presence of enterotoxin-producing genes in goat milk in Paraná State

Co-Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Ochratoxin A in Pasteurized Milk

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