Effect of temperature on the resistance to wounding of certain small fruits and cherries /

Abstract

Precooling, that is, cooling down rapidly to a refrigerating temperature either before or immediately after fruit is placed in cars for shipment, has resulted in appreciable savings in the shipment of perishable fruits.Powell 2 has shown that the precooling of oranges rendered them less susceptible to decay. He has also shown that fruit even slightly injured is much more liable to fungous infection and decay than sound fruit. Ramsey 3 comes to much the same conclusion as regards the shipment of red raspberries from the Puyallup Valley. Stevens and Wilcox, 4 working with strawberries, showed that RMzopus nigricans Ehrenb., which causes much of the decay of this fruit in transit, could not infect unwounded berries and that less infection occurred when the berries were properly cooled and refrigerated until they reached the market. 1 This bulletin gives the result of a portion of the work carried on under the project "Factors Affecting the Storage Life of Fruits." 2 Powell et al. The decay of oranges while in transit from California. IT. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bui. 123, 79 p., illus. 1908. 3 Ramsey, H. J. Factors governing the successful shipment of red raspberries from the Puyallup Valley.

Studies of Quality in Canning Corn1

“…Rosenbaum and Sando (19) used a modified Joly balance fitted with puncturing needle in determining resistance to puncture in tomatoes in an effort to correlate toughness with resistance to infection of Macrosporium tomato Cooke. Hawkins and Harvey (7), in studies of resistance of potato tubers to Pythianum debaryanum Hesse, and Hawkins and Sando (8) in studies of resistance to wounding in small fruits and cherries, used a similar puncturing device. Rudnick and Bakke (20) made use of this idea and devised a similar puncturing machine for a study of the resistance to puncture of the pericarp of sweet corn.…”

Observations on the refrigeration of some Illinois fruits in transit / by J.W. Lloyd and H.M. Newell.

“…Fruit in packages which allowed good air circulation around the fruit itself and rapid air movement thruout the entire load cooled more rapidly than fruit in tight packages loaded so that air circulated with difficulty thru the load. 8. Electrically driven fans were used to increase the rate of air circulation in a refrigerator car loaded with peaches.…”

Firmness of Strawberries as Measured by a Penetrometer

“…No satisfactory pressure tester has been reported for use on strawberry fruit (6). Resistanee of strawberries to wounding was measured by HAWKINS aind SANDO (8) as the pressure required to puncture the epidermis with a needle 636 micronls in diameter. CULPEPPER et al (3) measured the resistanee of the strawberry to penetrationi by a small iieedle (0.032 inch in diameter).…”