Effect of temperature on the mechanical performance of glued-in rods in timber structures

Lartigau, Julie; Coureau, Jean-Luc; Morel, Stéphane; Galimard, Philippe; Maurin, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.10.006

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To achieve these objectives, the strength and stiffness of the connections were studied in five temperature regimes. These test results were also compared with those obtained by Lartigau et al (2015) for glued-in rods in pull-compression configuration with the same EPX adhesive.…”

Section: Static Tests On Glued-in Rodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After fabrication, the specimens were stored in a conditioning room at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity (RH) until reaching constant mass. Test procedure Following the DMA tests described above and also considering the results obtained earlier by Lartigau et al (2015), five discrete temperatures have been selected for the tests of the connections: 20 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The temperature of 20 °C was used as a reference according to European and ASTM test standards.…”

Section: Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to these curves, the values of Tg were 69 °C and 86 °C for EPX and PUR, respectively. Note that a value of Tg = 60 °C was obtained by Lartigau et al (2015) for the same EPX adhesive using the DSC method. To study the correlation between the Tg and the mechanical properties used to develop a prediction model for glued-in rod connections, the evolution of the storage modulus or the modulus of elasticity as a function of temperature was plotted for EPX and PUR (Fig.…”

Section: Dma Tests On Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the time the temperature reached the Tg, a near zero value of the storage modulus was measured, 160 MPa for EPX and 75 MPa for PUR. Consequently, the Tg did not appear to be a criterion of transition for the mechanical properties, although it is often used to evaluate the risk of failure due to high temperature (Aicher and Dill-Langer 2001;Custódio et al 2009;Lartigau et al 2015). bioresources.com Verdet et al (2016).…”

Section: Dma Tests On Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aicher and Dill-Langer (2001) and Custodio et al (2009) identified various degrees of decrease in the strength and the stiffness of glued-in rod connections with three different adhesives under long-term exposure to a high temperature of 55 °C and 85% relative humidity. Lartigau et al (2015) determined an intrinsic critical temperature of glued-in rod connections associated with the glass transition temperature (Tg) for two epoxy adhesives: 48 °C for Rotafix and 58 °C for Sikadur 330.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane and Epoxy Adhesives in Connections with Glued-in Rods at Elevated Temperatures

Verdet¹,

Salenikovich²,

Cointe³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Glued-in rods have successfully been used for connections or reinforcement of timber structures due to their high strength and stiffness. However, their performance is potentially sensitive to temperature. This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the connections and adhesives in elevated temperatures. First, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were performed to characterize an epoxy (EPX) and a polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. The evolution of the stiffness and the glass transition temperature, Tg, were measured in the range of 30 °C to 120 °C. Then, a total of 66 specimens with glued-in rods and the same adhesives were tested under a static tensile load at 20 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. In both types of tests, the EPX outperformed PUR due to its higher stiffness at temperatures of up to 40 °C; however, it showed a more rapid degradation of the stiffness and strength than the PUR at higher temperatures. No direct correlation was established between the Tg and the performance of the connections. The test results suggest that timber structures with glued-in rods may be vulnerable in service at temperatures above 40 °C.

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Section: Static Tests On Glued-in Rodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dma Tests On Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dma Tests On Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane and Epoxy Adhesives in Connections with Glued-in Rods at Elevated Temperatures

Verdet¹,

Salenikovich²,

Cointe³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Einkleben von Gewindestangen in Laubholz bei niedrigen Temperaturen

et al. 2020

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Eingeklebte Gewindestangen sind ein aus dem Holzbau nicht mehr wegzudenkender Anschlusstyp. Aktuell werden hierzu 2K‐Epoxide (EPX) und Polyurethane (PUR) verwendet. Diese haben jedoch zwei wesentliche Nachteile: Der Prozess der Aushärtung erstreckt sich, je nach Klebstoffsystem, über mehrere h bis hin zu 10 d. Zum anderen benötigen die zugelassenen Klebstoffe eine Mindestaushärtetemperatur von 18 °C. Beide Nachteile behindern den Einsatz geklebter Gewindestangen, insbesondere auf der Baustelle. In diesem Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Schnellhärtbarkeit von 2K‐EPX und 2K‐PUR im Holzbau vorgestellt. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen konnte eine generelle Machbarkeit der Schnellhärtung mittels Induktion im Bereich eingeklebte Gewindestangen im Holzbau unter Normklima (+23 °C, 50 % rel. LF) nachgewiesen werden. Diese Arbeit stellt Ergebnisse zur Schnellhärtbarkeit im Niedrigtemperaturbereich (+5 °C und –10 °C) vor und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit Referenzproben, die bei +23 °C Raumtemperatur geklebt und ausgehärtet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem 2K‐EPX auch unter niedrigen Temperaturen schnell ausgehärtet werden können, jedoch gleichzeitig, welchen Einfluss die Schnellhärtung auf die Festigkeit des geklebten Verbunds ausübt.

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Threaded rods grouted in beech laminated veneer lumber

Wirries

Tsopjio

Vallée

et al. 2022

Civil Engineering Design

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Glued‐in rods are a class of adhesively bonded joints for timber engineering applications resulting in high‐strength and stiffness connections. However, the use of polymeric adhesives may lead to issues related if the temperatures exceed their glass transition temperature, restricting their performance under quasi‐static, or more critically, sustained loads. To overcome these, the substitution of polymeric adhesives by mineral high‐performance grout was investigated. It was found that primers have neither a significant effect on strength nor on the failure mode; threated wood surfaces, however, resulted in a significant improvement of the latter. Based thereupon, grouted‐in rods were manufactured. The best performance was achieved with a threaded wood surface, which achieved roughly 50% of the strength comparable adhesively bonded glued‐in rod's strength. While the obtained strength may seem quite low, it is important to remind that the latter will largely remain unaffected by temperature; accordingly, made at room temperature, the comparison between grouted and glued rods is in favor of adhesive bonding, it may well be different at elevated ones.

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Effect of temperature on the mechanical performance of glued-in rods in timber structures

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane and Epoxy Adhesives in Connections with Glued-in Rods at Elevated Temperatures

Mechanical Performance of Polyurethane and Epoxy Adhesives in Connections with Glued-in Rods at Elevated Temperatures

Einkleben von Gewindestangen in Laubholz bei niedrigen Temperaturen

Threaded rods grouted in beech laminated veneer lumber

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