Effect of temperature on survival and yield components of field‐acclimated soft red winter wheat

Abstract

Freeze tolerance is greatest in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during winter dormancy and decreases as the plant develops in the spring. Above‐average temperatures during the winter and spring have resulted in wheat resuming growth earlier in the season, exposing a less freeze‐tolerant plant to an increased risk of spring freeze events. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on seed yield components and biomass of field‐acclimated winter wheat at Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages. Five soft red winter wheat cultivars were transplanted from the field into pots at each Feekes growth stage identified above. Plants were placed into freeze chambers with temperature treatments ranging from −16 to 4°C. Plants were exposed to the treatment temperature for 15 min and placed in a cooler maintained at 4°C. After 20 h, plants were moved to an open‐air greenhouse and grown to maturity. At maturity, yield component and biomass data were recorded. Temperature treatments of −10, −7, and −3°C reduced seed weight at Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages, respectively, compared with plants held at 4°C. Plant biomass was reduced at Feekes 6 and 8 growth stages at −10 and −4°C, respectively. These guidelines will help producers better estimate the potential value of a freeze‐damaged wheat crop.

Freeze symptoms and associated yield loss in soft red winter wheat

“…Five treatments, consisting of five wheat cultivars, 'Hopewell' (Ohio Seed Improvement Association), 'Pioneer 25R40' (DuPont Pioneer), 'Rupp 972' (Rupp Seeds), 'Stewart SW500' (Stewart Seeds), and 'Wellman W206' (Wellman Seeds), were evaluated. Detailed cultural practices and fertility, weed, and disease management are described in Alt, Lindsey, Sulc, & Lindsey (2020).…”

“…Relative seed weight and RPDW were not influenced by the interaction of temperature x cultivar (Alt et al, 2020); therefore, the logistic model was fit across the five wheat cultivars.…”

“…Field trials were conducted during two winter wheat growing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) Seeds), and 'Wellman W206' (Wellman Seeds), were evaluated. Detailed cultural practices and fertility, weed, and disease management are described in Alt, Lindsey, Sulc, and Lindsey (2020). At the Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages, a custommade plant sampler (similar to a golf-hole cutter) was used to dig a soil core 4 inches in diameter by 4 inches deep containing three to five wheat plants from the center of each plot.…”

Seed yield, seed quality, profitability, and risk analysis among double crop soybean maturity groups and seeding rates

“…This perception may partially be a result of recent weather phenomenon, in particular spring freeze events. Since 2007, there have been multiple spring freeze events that had damaged wheat crops across the Upper Mid-South and Ohio Valley regions (Alt et al, 2020;Angel, 2007;Campbell, 2020;Gregory, 2017;Gu et al, 2008;Herbek and Murdock, 2012;Hightower, 2017;Illinois Aces, 2012;Kelley, 2012; This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.…”

“…This perception may partially be a result of recent weather phenomenon, in particular spring freeze events. Since 2007, there have been multiple spring freeze events that had damaged wheat crops across the Upper Mid-South and Ohio Valley regions (Alt et al, 2020;Angel, 2007;Campbell, 2020;Gregory, 2017;Gu et al, 2008;Herbek & Murdock, 2012;Hightower, 2017;Illinois Aces, 2012;Kelley, 2012;Knott, 2017Knott, , 2020Lindsey et al, 2020aLindsey et al, , 2020bRaper, 2017Turner, 2015Turner, , 2016UM IPM, 2017. This damage coupled with reducing commodity prices (USDA-NASS, 2020a, 2020b) has resulted in a decrease in double crop soybean production in recent years.…”