Effect of Temperature and Pyrolysis Time in Liquid Smoke Production from Dried Water Hyacinth

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the use of water hyacinth to produce liquid smoke. The study observes the temperature and time variables of yield, pH, density, and refractive index in the production of liquid smoke from water hyacinth. The sequence of the work is as follows: first, water hyacinth was cut into 5 cm sections and then sun-dried for 2–3 d, depending on the weather. Next, 550 g of dried water hyacinth was added to the pyrolysis reactor. The temperature variations were 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, and the time variations were 1, 4, and 7 h. As a result, liquid smoke was produced with varying yield, pH, densities, and refractive indices. The best results in this research are liquid smoke pyrolysis at a temperature of 400°C and 4 h with the acquisition of a yield of 93 mL, pH 2–4, a density of 1.080,8 gr/mL, and a refractive index of 1.339,6, with chemical component 41.45% total acid, 2.44% phenol and 56.10% carbonyl.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Existing Approaches for Controlling and Managing the Proliferation of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Review

“…After WH removal, this plant constitutes a valuable biomass for biofertilizers and bioenergy production (biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, liquid, and solid biochar), water treatment, charcoal briquettes, paper making, fish feed, animal feed, furniture making, fiberboard making, yarn and rope manufacture. All these potential ways have been deeply reviewed (Lu et al, 2008;Ratnani et al, 2020;Harun et al, 2021).…”

“…The plant forms dense mats that prevent the penetration of light into the water, thereby, decreasing its temperature, which and inhibiting plant photosynthesis (Wilson et al, 2005). The fast distribution of WH results in the occurrence of sedimentation and causes a siltation phenomenon in water bodies (Ratnani et al, 2020). If its growth is not controlled properly, WH could have severe environmental problems.…”