Effect of Sythesis Conditions of Cr-Ti Mixed Oxides on FAME and Catalyst Characteristics

Samin, M. S.; Wan, Zuraida; Yazid, Noraziah Abu; Bashah, Nur Alwani Ali; Hassan, Hagar K.; Fadzeelah, A. K. Nur; Jamaludin, Siti Khatijah; Sukri, Siti Sabrina Mohd

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/864/1/012027

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The usage of fossil fuels has increased rapidly over the years due to the rise in global populations and anthropogenic activities, which result in the decline of energy resources [1]. Thus, suitable alternative energy is needed to offset declining natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydrochars via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Zinc Chloride Activated Cotton Textile Waste

Ahmad Ikhwan Muaz Abd Rahman,

Nur Alwani Ali Bashah,

Wan Zuraida Wan Kamis

et al. 2024

ARFMTS

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Anthropogenic pollution from fossil fuel combustion due to increasing global populations and emerging industries poses a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, it is vital to explore alternative green energy sources. Hence, this study synthesized renewable solid fuel hydrochars by utilizing biomass of cotton textile waste (CTW) as feedstock. ZnCl2 was selected as a catalyst due to its Lewis acid properties promoting hydrolysis and dehydration of raw materials towards hydrochar formation. The ZnCl2-activated cotton textile waste (ZnCl2-CTW) was prepared via the wet impregnation method at different ZnCl2 loading. The hydrochars were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization of ZnCl2-CTW in a Parr batch reactor at the reaction temperature of 200 °C for 3 h. The hydrochars and CTW were characterized using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) to evaluate the proximate analysis, whereas an elemental analysis and determination of higher heating value (HHV) were conducted employing a CHNS analyser. The proximate analysis indicates the hydrochars volatile matter increases at higher catalyst loading, possibly due to the high content of bio-oil adsorbed on the hydrochars surface. The elemental analysis shows higher carbon and lower oxygen content for hydrochars compared to CTW, mainly due to the dehydration, decarboxylation, and aromatization reactions during HTC. Meanwhile, the HHV of hydrochars increases as catalyst loading increases to 1.5 g, which obtained the highest value of 18.41 MJ/kg, indicating good quality of solid fuel. This demonstrated that the ZnCl2 catalyst was useful in improving the energy density of hydrochars. Overall, ZnCl2 catalyst loading of 1.5 g has exhibited good performance in producing hydrochars via HTC of CTW. Thus, ZnCl2-CTW has the potential to produce hydrochar suitable as solid fuel, contributing to the conversion of waste into energy and the preservation of the environmental.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydrochars via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Zinc Chloride Activated Cotton Textile Waste

Ahmad Ikhwan Muaz Abd Rahman,

Nur Alwani Ali Bashah,

Wan Zuraida Wan Kamis

et al. 2024

ARFMTS

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“…The continuous growth of the world's population and urbanization has increased energy demand [1]. The detrimental effects on the environment, such as greenhouse gas pollution through the use of fossil fuels, warrant alternative energy sources [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ZnCl2 Catalyst Loading in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cotton Textile Waste to Produce Hydrochars

Rosly,

Wan Kamis,

Ali Bashah

et al. 2023

EAJ

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process that utilizes biomass as feedstocks to produce hydrochars as solid fuel. Cotton textile wastes (CTW) are abundant; most are landfilled or incinerated, causing environmental pollution. CTW is rich in cellulose, thus suitable as biomass feedstock. HTC at a moderate temperature below 230 °C yields low-value hydrochars with low carbon content; however, an acid catalyst enhances the reaction. In this study, zinc-activated cotton textile waste (Zn-CTW) was synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation and used as a catalyst in hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochars. The reactions were conducted in a batch reactor at a temperature of 200 °C for 3 h. The effects of ZnCl2 catalyst loading on CTW were studied. The characteristics of hydrochars in terms of surface morphologies, hydrogen/carbon (H/C) and oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratios and surface functional groups were affected by the ZnCl2 loading on CTW. The results show that the hydrothermal carbonization of Zn-CTW-1.5 obtained hydrochars with the lowest H/C and O/C ratio values of 1.286 and 0.614, respectively. The FTIR analysis indicates stretching vibration of the C-O bond, which are the carboxylic acids and esters formed in the hydrochars. The hydrochars' surface morphologies show irregular and rough surfaces. It is concluded that Zn-CTW has the potential as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce hydrochars via hydrothermal carbonization

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“…There are several current and typical methods can be used to remove of pollutants from the wastewater which by adsorption [7], oxidation [8][9], reduction [10][11], coagulation [12], electrochemical treatment [13], membrane [14] and ion exchange [15]. Heterogeneous catalysts have been used widely in industry especially in water treatment because it easy to recover and more separable than homogenous catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Tartrazine Dye Using Kyllinga Brevifolia Extract And Silver Nanoparticles As Catalysts

Azhar

Kamis

Hamid

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kyllinga brevifolia (KB) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as catalysts in the removal of tartrazine dye. The experiment was carried out in batch mode. Different parameter such as temperature, initial concentration, contact time and pH were studied. It was found that the equilibrium was achieved in 20 min and the optimum pH was 2. The removal of dye highest at 80 °C, which is 64%. From an initial concentration of 60 ppm and onwards, the removal efficiency of dye was the most (62.34%) when compared to other intial concentrations. The use of a AgNPs as catalyst increases the removal efficiency 20.68% more effective than without a catalyst. Significant of this study is to show the effect of AgNPs as catalyst in tartrazine dye removal from wastewater.

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Effect of Sythesis Conditions of Cr-Ti Mixed Oxides on FAME and Catalyst Characteristics

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis of Hydrochars via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Zinc Chloride Activated Cotton Textile Waste

Synthesis of Hydrochars via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Zinc Chloride Activated Cotton Textile Waste

Effects of ZnCl2 Catalyst Loading in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cotton Textile Waste to Produce Hydrochars

Removal of Tartrazine Dye Using Kyllinga Brevifolia Extract And Silver Nanoparticles As Catalysts

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