Effect of systemic inflammation on level of ferritin seminal in chronic renal male patient undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract

BackgroundMost hemodialysis patients present with chronic systemic inflammation characterized by the elevation of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and/or the production of proinflammatory interleukins by the immune system in response to the hemodialysis process. Plasma ferritin(PF) is one of the parameters used to correct anemia. An PF level of >500 ng/mL is not recommended for correction of anemia because of the uncertainty of whether these levels are elevated because of anemia or a mere reaction to inflammation. we aimed to study the effects of inflammation on seminal ferritin (SF) levels and hypothesized that SF is not affected because of the testicular immune privilege.MethodsA prospective prevalence study was conducted at the Department of Hemodialysis of the University Hospital of Brasília (HuB) between June 2010 and July 2011. The sample included 60 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and 20 control subjects from the health promotion general outpatient clinic. All participants were males aged 18–60 years. Inflammation was assessed through serum CRP levels, and the testicular condition was determined by measuring sex hormone levels. In the patient group, inflammation was considered to be present when CRP was >5 mg/L (n = 27) and absent when CRP was ≤5 mg/L (n = 33). Control group (n = 20) CRP was ≤1 mg/L. Blood and semen were collected via arm venoclysis and after voluntary masturbation, respectively. CRP was measured by turbidimetry; PF, SF, and sex hormone levels by immunochemoluminescence. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in mean SF levels among patients with inflammation (295.34 ± 145.39 ng/mL), those without inflammation (324.42 ± 145.51 mg/mL), and controls (335.70 ± 075.90 ng/mL; p = 0.49). There was no correlation between mean SF and PF levels in the patients with and without inflammation). All participants were eugonadal with mean serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels of 3.76 ± 2.17 mUI/mL, 7.00 ± 3.53 mUI/mL, and 454.18 ± 173.08 ng/dL, respectively.ConclusionSystemic inflammation did not significantly alter SF levels in eugonadal hemodialysis patients.

Semen Quality and Ferritin and Transferrin Seminal Levels

“…10 Our results suggest that only ST levels were signifi cantly lower in the seminal plasma of uremic patients (p <0.001). This result is corroborated by other previous studies conducted by different researchers in non-uremic populations with suspected sub/infertility as Koşar et al 11 (16,58.1±14.4 μg/ ml vs 108.4±17.5 μg/ml); Bharshankar and Bharshankar 12 (2.63±1.76 mg/dl vs 5.35±2.07 mg/dl, 91±51 μg/ml), and Saeed et al 13 [17, 54. The explanation for a decrease in mean ST levels in unhealthy men and its correlation with SQ observed in this and other sub/infertility studies are not well known. However, it is speculated that it is multifactorial and by various mechanisms, with participation of immunological, hormonal, ure-mic, oxidative, and infl ammatory factors.…”

“…Little is known about SF behavior in seminal plasma. Silva et al 16 did not fi nd a change in the SF seminal level in uremic and non-uremic patients in a sample of 60 hemodialysis patients. On the other hand, Wan et al 17 found higher concentrations of SF in seminal plasma of 62 men with infertility infected by Chlamydia trachomatis.…”

Semen Biochemical Components in Varicocele, Leukocytospermia, and Idiopathic Infertility

“…Ferritin is an intracellular protein that stores iron in the atoxic form, and it is found in the extracellular environment as a result of cellular synthesis and secretion. Seminal ferritin is found in abundance in the seminal plasma, and Sertoli cells produce approximately 70% of its contents [ 11 ].…”

Seminal Ferritin And Seminal Parameters In Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis

“…al [28] studying effect of systemic inflammation on level of ferritin seminal in chronic renal male patient undergoing hemodialysis, using similar methodology, examined a sample of 60 patients on HD and did not find differences or correlations of SF levels among patients with inflammation, without inflammation, and controls (p > 0.05). Wan et al [29] investigated the association between chlamydia trachomatis infection and the contents of seminal plasma ferritin, β-2-microglobulin, and total protein in seminal plasma of 30 fertile men (normal group) and 62 men with infertility infected by chlamydia trachomatis.…”

“…Silva et. al [28] evaluated patients with chronic systemic inflammation with consolidated adaptive process; Wan et al [29]evaluated patients with acute local or subacute infection. With resolution of an acute infectious stimulus, proinflammatory cytokines and SF levels tend to normalize [30].…”