Effect of Systemic Candidiasis on Blastogenesis of Lymphocytes from Germfree and Conventional Rats

Rogers, Thomas J.; Balish, Edward

doi:10.1128/iai.20.1.142-150.1978

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Indirect evidence to support this comes from the lack of anamnestic DTH reactivity concomitant with the lack of any observed protection in vaginally immunized mice challenged with GI or systemic Candida inoculation. In fact, mice given a systemic infection with or without vaginal immunization had little to no DTH reactivity, consistent with observations made by Rogers and Balish (30). The lack of protection against GI or systemic candidiasis in animals with existing peripheral Candida-specific Th1-type reactivity seemingly contradicts the evidence in animal models that supports a role for Candida-specific Th1-type CD4 ϩ T cells in acquired resistance to systemic (31)(32)(33) or GI (1,2,26) candidiasis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Mice immunized by primary vaginal Candida albicans infection develop acquired vaginal mucosal immunity

et al. 1995

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It has been postulated that systemic cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is an important host defense mechanism against Candida infections of the vagina. However, in an estrogen-dependent murine model of experimental vaginal candidiasis, we recently showed that systemic Candida-specific Th1-type CMI induced by immunization with Candida culture filtrate antigen had no effect on vaginal Candida population levels during the course of a vaginal infection. In the present study, mice given a second vaginal inoculation in the presence of peripheral Candida-specific Th1-type CMI induced by prior vaginal infection had anamnestic-type increased delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, concomitant with significantly fewer Candida organisms in the vagina than in primary-infected mice. In addition, organisms in secondary-infected mice were fragmented and superficial penetration into the epithelium was reduced. The systemic presence of Candida-specific T suppressor (Ts) cells that significantly suppressed the infection-derived anamnestic DTH reactivity did not abrogate the protective effect in the vagina. Additional experiments showed that vaginally immunized mice were not protected from gastrointestinal or systemic candidiasis and, in contrast to mice with a second vaginal infection, did not demonstrate anamnestic DTH reactivity. These results suggest that a moderate level of local protection against a Candida vaginal infection can be achieved by vaginal immunization but that the protective role of acquired peripheral Candida-specific Th1-type reactivity at the vaginal mucosa appears to be limited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Mice immunized by primary vaginal Candida albicans infection develop acquired vaginal mucosal immunity

et al. 1995

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“…Experimental models of candidiasis have provided some evidence of a suppressive potential for Candida blastoconidia (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)43), but with one exception (38), no attempts have been made to identify which components of the organism were responsible for the effect; moreover, these studies were designed to examine suppression of innate responses only, with animals not previously sensitized to C. albicans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoregulation in experimental murine candidiasis: specific suppression induced by Candida albicans cell wall glycoprotein

Carrow¹,

Domer²

1985

Infect Immun

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Immune regulation in candidiasis is inferred from studies of both human and animal infection, with a suppressive role suggested for cell wall polysaccharide. To study the immunosuppressive potential of Candida albicans in a murine model, whole blastoconidia or purified cell wall components of C. albicans were tested for their effects on the development of acquired immune responses by superimposing a pretreatment regimen upon an established immunization protocol. CBA/J or BALB/cByJ mice were pretreated twice intravenously with 100 ,ug of mannan (MAN), 100 or 200 ,ug of glycoprotein (GP), or 5 x 107 heat-killed C. albicans blastoconidia, followed 1 week later by an immunization protocol of two cutaneous inoculations of viable C. albicans blastoconidia given 2 weeks apart. Delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to GP or to a membrane-derived antigen, B-HEX, was tested 7 days after the second inoculation, and lymphocyte stimulation was tested with mitogens and Candida antigens after 12 days. To assess protection, mice were challenged intravenously with viable C. albicans blastoconidia 14 days after the second cutaneous inoculation and sacrificed 28 days later for quantitative culture of kidneys and brains. Sera were obtained for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at selected intervals. Pretreatment with GP resulted in specific in vivo suppression of DTH to GP but not to B-HEX antigen and specific in vitro suppression of lymphocyte stimulation to GP but not to other Candida antigens or mitogens. MAN and heat-killed C. albicans blastoconidia had no such effects. GP pretreatment also diminished the protective effect of immunization against challenge, demonstrable in the brain, while not altering significantly the production of antibody in response to infection. Contrary to clinical evidence, MAN was not immunosuppressive in this model, and in fact, the immunosuppressive potential of GP, which is composed largely of MAN, was found to be dependent upon the presence of its heat-labile protein moiety.

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“…Decreased numbers of T-helper cells during pregnancy has been described by Sridama et al (26), underlining a possible cellular basis for impaired lymphocyte response during pregnancy. In rats infected with Candida albicans a transient suppression of lymphocyte proliferation can be observed within the first 6 days (24). Recruitment of suppressor cells after fungal infections has been reported by Stobo et al (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Anti‐Candida albicans Antibody Levels and in vitro Lymphoproliferative Response to Candida albicans in Neonates and their Mothers/Anti‐Candida‐albicans‐Spiegel und Candida‐albicans‐bedingte Lymphozyten‐Stimulation in vitro bei Neugeborenen und ihren Müttern

Schneider

Vogt

Müller³

et al. 1986

Mycoses

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Summary: Candida antibodies in 35 full‐term healthy neonates and their mothers were determined by the indirect hemagglutination test (HAT) and by the indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, lymphocyte stimulation by Candida albicans was studied in 22 neonates and their mothers. 7 mothers and 4 newborns out of the 35 pairs investigated showed an increased anti‐Candida titer in the HA‐test (≧ 1: 320). Analysis by sucrose density gradient and indirect immunofluorescence revealed that antibodies in the mothers were of the IgM, IgA and IgG classes whereas in the newborns, with one exception, only IgG antibodies were detectable. In contrast to healthy male and non‐pregnant female adults the lymphocytes from only 13 of 22 mothers tested immediately after delivery responded to Candida albicans. Significant but weaker lymphocyte proliferation was observed in 10 neonates. In general there was no correlation between the degree of lymphocyte transformation and the level of antibody titers detected in the HAT, nor was there a correlation between lymphocyte responses of mothers and neonates. The findings suggest that the stimulation to Candida cells in the newborns is more a mitogenic than an antigenic effect, whereas in the mothers the stimulation ovserved seems to be a combination of both a mitogenic and an antigenic response. The lack of response in about half of the mothers speaks for a nonspecific immunosuppressive state during pregnancy. Zusammenfassung: Candida‐Antikörper wurden an 35 gesunden, reifen Neugeborenen und ihren Müttern im indirekten Hämagglutinationstest (HAT) und im indirekten Immunfluoreszenztest (IFT) bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde die Candida‐albicans‐bedingte Lymphozyten‐Stimulation in 22 dieser Mutter‐Kind‐Paare untersucht. Sieben Mütter und vier Neugeborene unter den 35 untersuchten Paaren zeigten einen erhöhten Anti‐Candida‐Titer im HAT (≧ 1: 320). Mittels Saccharose‐Dichtegradienten‐Zentrifugation und im indirekten Immunfluoreszenztest erwiesen sich die mütterlichen Antikörper als zu den Klassen IgM, IgA und IgG gehörig, während die Neugeborenen‐Antikörper mit einer Ausnahme nur IgG‐Immunglobuline waren. Im Gegensatz zu gesunden männlichen und nichtschwangeren weiblichen Erwachsenen ließen sich die Lymphozyten in frisch gewonnenen Blutproben von nur 13 der 22 Mütter mit Candida albicans stimulieren. Eine signifikante, jedoch schwächere Lymphozyten‐Proliferation wurde an zehn Neugeborenen beobachtet. Es konnte keine Korrelation zwischen dem Grad der Lymphozyten‐Transformation und der Höhe des HA‐Antikörpertiters gefunden werden, eben‐sowenig eine Korrelation bei der Lymphozyten‐Stimulation zwischen den Müttern und ihren Neugeborenen. Die Befunde sprechen dafür, daß die Lymphozyten‐Stimulation gegen Candida‐albicans‐Zellen bei Neugeborenen eher auf einer mitogenen als auf einer antigenen Wirkung beruht, während die Stimulation bei den Müttern eine Kombination eines mitogenen mit einem antigenen Effekt zu sein scheint. Das Ausbleiben der Lymphozyten‐Stimulation bei etwa der Hälfte des Mütter‐Kollektivs...

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Effect of Systemic Candidiasis on Blastogenesis of Lymphocytes from Germfree and Conventional Rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Mice immunized by primary vaginal Candida albicans infection develop acquired vaginal mucosal immunity

Mice immunized by primary vaginal Candida albicans infection develop acquired vaginal mucosal immunity

Immunoregulation in experimental murine candidiasis: specific suppression induced by Candida albicans cell wall glycoprotein

Anti‐Candida albicans Antibody Levels and in vitro Lymphoproliferative Response to Candida albicans in Neonates and their Mothers/Anti‐Candida‐albicans‐Spiegel und Candida‐albicans‐bedingte Lymphozyten‐Stimulation in vitro bei Neugeborenen und ihren Müttern

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