The role of the hydrophobic effect in polyelectrolyte
gel/ionic surfactant interactions was
investigated. A series of hydrophobically modified
poly(acrylic acid) gels with well-controlled hydrophobicity was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of acrylic acid
with n-alkyl acrylates (n = 8, 12,
and
18) in the presence of a cross-linking agent. The interaction of
the gels with ionic surfactantsN-cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonatewas
studied. Four gel/surfactant combinations were considered: uncharged gel/cationic surfactant, uncharged
gel/anionic surfactant, anionic gel/cationic surfactant, and anionic gel/anionic surfactant. It was
shown that the gels absorb cationic
surfactant ions via an ion-exchange reaction with network counterions.
On the other hand, the absorption
of anionic surfactant is governed primarily by hydrophobic
interactions, and hence, due to conditions of
electroneutrality, anionic surfactant penetrates the gel together with
corresponding co-ions. Therefore,
the uptake of cationic surfactant ions results in gel shrinkage, while
the uptake of anionic surfactant
induces gel swelling. In the anionic gel/anionic surfactant
system, a significant interaction is observed
only for the most hydrophobic gels when hydrophobic interactions
overcome the electrostatic repulsion
between similarly charged groups.