Effect of surface modification in preventing fouling of commercial SWRO membranes at the Eilat seawater desalination pilot plant

Facile evaluation of coating thickness on membranes using ATR-FTIR

“…Monomers (Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, M n~3 60), Acrylamide (AAm) and for membrane modification [6,31]). The spin-cast layer was post-polymerized and affixed to the membrane's surface by UV irradiation.…”

Preparation of fouling resistant PSF flat sheet UF membrane using amphiphilic polyurethane macromolecules

“…Commercial UF membranes are fabricated from various polymers like polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone (PSF) and polyethersulfone (PES) [7]. Among these polymers PSF is largely used as membrane material because of its good physicochemical stability, effectivity in a wide pH range (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), thermal stability (≈ 80°C), resistance to chlorine (≈200 ppm) and oxidation. The solubility of PSF is another big advantage; it allows co-dissolution of other polymers to fabricate blended membranes.…”

“…Mainly, two methods are used to improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The first method consists in surface modification of existing membranes by means of surface coating, redox initiated grafting, plasma treatment and UV induced graft polymerization [9][10][11]. These techniques can drastically change the surface pore size and their distribution.…”

Functionalization of polybenzimidizole membranes to impart negative charge and hydrophilicity

“…Finally, para-phenylene diamine functionalized membranes had an average permeability of 1.17 L/m 2 h bar ± 0.020. Other studies have also reported significant loses of membrane permeability after surface modifications with monomer additions [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”